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International Political Relations > Terms > Flashcards

Terms Flashcards

1
Q

What is a state?

A

A defined territory, a defined population and has internal and external sovreignty

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2
Q

Sovereignty

A

A state’s right to exercise independent authority within its borders (i.e. to govern itself)

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3
Q

Internal sovereignty

A

A state’s monopoly on the legitimate use of force within its own borders

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4
Q

External sovereignty

A

A state’s rights to perform its function without external interference from other states (i.e. autonomy) (Principle of Noninterference)

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5
Q

Empire

A

Had no defined territory or population

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6
Q

Dates of the 30 Years War

A

1618-1648

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7
Q

Date of Martin Luther’s 95 Theses

A

1517

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8
Q

Date of Peace of Westphalia

A

1648

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9
Q

Why was the state successful?

A

State-like entities were the most successful at waging war because of a taxation system and standing armies

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10
Q

Nationalism and states

A

In the 19th and 20th centuries, there was a common idea that evert nation should have their own state

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11
Q

Juridical statehood

A

How a state is recognized by the international community

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12
Q

Empirical statehood

A

How a state functions in reality (i.e. does it really have sovereignty)

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13
Q

Purpose of theory

A

Diagnosis: simplifying a complex world
Prediction: what to expect
Prescription: what action should be taken
Evaluation: was a policy successful

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14
Q

Theory

A

An explanation for why or how outcomes occur

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15
Q

Unifying Themes of Classical Liberalism

A

Optimism about human nature, faith in human reason, variable-sum game, belief in progress and cooperation

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16
Q

Sociological liberalism

A

Transnationalism and a sense of shared community fosters cooperation and peace

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17
Q

Interdependence liberalism

A

(commercial peace) Growing flows of trade and capitalism results in economic interdependence, increasing the costs of war

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18
Q

Institutional liberalism

A

International institution facilitate cooperation between states

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19
Q

Republican liberalism

A

(democratic peace) Shared values between democracies and the consent of the people to go to war means that democracies rarely go to war with each other

20
Q

Blows to liberalism

A

WWI: interdependence hadn’t stopped the war (interdependence liberalism)
WWII: League of Nations didn’t stop the war (institutional liberalism)

21
Q

Unifying themes of Classical Realism

A

Pessimism about human nature, people are naturally selfish and power seeking and states are the same, and the international system is anarchic

22
Q

Anarchy

A

The absence of a higher authority with the ability to effectively regulate state behavior

23
Q

Founders of realism

A

Thucydides, Machiavelli, and Hobbes

24
Q

Thucydides

A

Ancient Greek historian who wrote the Melian Dialogue: Athens invaded Melos despite their appeal to morality so he concluded that global politics is about power

25
Q

Machiavelli

A

States practice public morality, where following private morality rules may be unethical because it hurts the survival of the state

26
Q

Hobbes

A

The state of nature is the state of war because there is no higher authority

27
Q

Neorealism themes

A

International system is anarchic, great powers are the main actors, states are unitary and rational and so value security, there is a hierarchy of power, and the international system is uncertain

28
Q

Unitary actor

A

Each state has one set of primary interests

29
Q

Security dilemma

A

One country’s efforts to increase its own security can make other countries less secure

30
Q

Self-help

A

Countries can only rely on themselves

31
Q

Levels of Analysis

A

Individual: looking at leaders
State: looking at the state’s political system (democracy)
System: looking at the state’s place on the hierarchy of power

32
Q

Offensive Realism

A

Mearsheimer: the only reliable path to power is to gain as much as possible; power maximization

33
Q

Defensive Realism

A

Waltz: it is better to seek the appropriate amount of power to maintain a balance

34
Q

Mearsheimer’s 5 assumptions

A
  1. international system is anarchic
  2. great powers possess offensive military capability
  3. there is uncertainty
  4. survival is the primary goal
  5. great powers are rational actors
35
Q

Motivations for constructivism

A

Neorealism is too simple, empirical mismatches in history, advances in science, importance of ideology, culture, ideas, and human agency

36
Q

Unifying themes of constructivism

A

Emphasizes social construct of reality, ideational rather than material view, emphasis on culture, ideology, and social interaction

37
Q

IR theories on anarchy

A

Liberalist: believe in anarchy but believe we can mitigate it
Realist: anarchy is a given
Constructivist: anarchy is what people think it is

38
Q

Systemic constructivism

A

the interaction between states influences each state’s identity and behavior

39
Q

Domestic constructivism

A

Looking inside the state at histories, ideologies, culture, and ideas influences state identity and behavior

40
Q

Wendt: cultures of anarchy

A

Hobbesian: states see each other as enemies
Lockean: states see each other as rivals
Kantian: states see each other as friends

41
Q

Logic of Appropriateness

A

Finnemore: international system sets the norms that instruct states on how to behave to be accepted and civilized

42
Q

Norm

A

a collective understanding of the proper behavior of actors

43
Q

Measuring norms

A

Specificity: clarity
Durability: how long and how well its been enforced
Concordance: do all actors agree it’s a norm

44
Q

State system

A

Politically organized human grouping which occupy distinct territories and exercise a measure of independence from each other (first seen in Hellas 500-100 BC)

45
Q

State values

A

States exist to uphold these values: security, freedom, order, justice, welfare

International Political Relations (7 decks)

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