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Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Anode

A

A piece of metal is often inserted in the water tank to divert the deposition rather than allowing it to form on the heat exchanger.

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2
Q

Friction loss

A

A function of the diameter of the pipe and the flow rate through it.

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3
Q

Soil stack

A

A large pipe into which all of the soil and waste lines from one or more levels empty Contains blackwater

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4
Q

Vent stacks

A

A smaller pipe that is the air intake line for all the fixtures, and that is also, separately, open to the outside air at the top. Does not have a stack below it

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5
Q

Stack vent

A

Vents the top of a soil stack and waste stack

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6
Q

Cleanout

A

A y-shaped segment of pipe which serves an area otherwise difficult to access, where one arm of the Y has a plug screwed in it at its end. They should occurs every 50 feet in pipes under 4 inches.

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7
Q

Swales

A

V-shaped sloping channels in the grass that take the surface runoff to points where it may be collected and or disposed of.

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8
Q

Catch Basin

A

Similar to manholes except that the top grate instead of a cover. They are placed at the lowest point in a swale or a depression to collect the runoff and pass it into the storm drainage system which empties into the local stream.

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9
Q

Gate valve

A

It is intended to be entirely off or entirely on

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10
Q

Globe valves

A

Are used to turn water on and off but also to meter or throttle the flow at intermediate rates. Globe valves restrict flow even when wide open.

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11
Q

Check valves

A

A backflow preventer, it prevents water from moving backwards through the system. Usually at the entrance to the building.

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12
Q

Sanitary trap

A

The water in the trap keeps the methane gas that is generated in the sewers below from rising up into the buildings

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13
Q

Selective surfaces

A

Are surfaces that have a high absorptivity in one wavelength (solar) and low emissivity in another. (Infrared)

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14
Q

Convection

A

Convection is the only means of heat transfer which is strictly directional. It never transfers heat downward.

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15
Q

Trombe wall

A

The trombe wall adds a convective loop to the system, by trapping a layer of air between the wall and the external glass skin. There is a one way vent at the top of the wall that lets warm air in. There is a one way vent at the bottom of the wall that lets cold air in.

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16
Q

Water wall

A

Consists of a tank or a collection of large vertical tubes filled with water and placed next to the window inside the building. Water stores 5 times more heat than concrete.

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17
Q

Flat plate collector

A

A flat surface titled at approximately the right altitude and angles to receive most of the suns rays.

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18
Q

Focusing collector

A

Consists of either a parabolic dish or an arrangement of lenses which focuses incoming light onto a tube or a point.

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19
Q

Enthalpy

A

The total of sensible plus latent heat stores in the air. It is also known as Total Heat.

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20
Q

Emissivity

A

The measure of an objects ability to absorb and then radiate heat.

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21
Q

Emittance

A

The energy radiated by the surface of the body person per unit area.

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22
Q

Latent heat

A

Heat required to convert a solid into a liquid or vapor, or a liquid into a vapor, without change of temperature, given in BTU

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23
Q

Sensible heat

A

Amount of energy released or absorbed by a chemical substance during a change of temperature, changes the temperature but not the state, given in to BTU

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24
Q

Specific heat

A

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a material by 1°, the capacity to store heat, given in BTU

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25
Q

Evaporative chiller

A

Or a cooling tower is that large box with Oliver’s exhausting humid air or even mist that you so often find next to an office building.

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26
Q

Effluent

A

liquid waste

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27
Q

Ball valve

A

Allows one way flow is opened/closes by pressure on a ball that fits into a cup shaped opening used for regulating flow

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28
Q

Butterfly valve

A

Allows one way flow mechanism is like a rotating dish attached to a spindle used for isolating or regulating flow

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29
Q

Relief valve

A

Used to control or limit the pressure in a system by allowing fluid to divert an alternate route allowing the pressure to drop then the valve closes.

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30
Q

Current

A

Measures in Amps, its the amount of flow through a circuit

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31
Q

Voltage (V)

A

Measured in volts, the amount of force or potential in a circuit

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32
Q

Resistance (R)

A

Measures in ohms, the amount that slows down the circuit

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33
Q

Power (P)

A

The rate of energy transfer, expressed as energy / time in hours

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34
Q

D.C. Current

A

Current that flows in one direction with constant voltage

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35
Q

AC current

A

Direction of the flow can be reversed rapidly by reversing the voltage resulting in a sine wave when plotted.

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36
Q

Ohms Law

A

The building block to energy. It states that current is directly proportional to voltage and indirectly proportional to resistance. If voltage goes up current goes up.

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37
Q

Reverberation time

A

The time it takes the sound level to decrease 60dB after the source has stopped producing sound

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38
Q

Radiation

A

It is electromagnetic radiation generated by the thermal motion of charged particles in matter

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39
Q

Conduction

A

Transfer of heat when two bodies are in direct contact with each other

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40
Q

Embodied energy

A

A measurement of the amount of energy consumed to produce a specific amount of a material

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41
Q

Zeolite process

A

It is used to soften water that has a high mineral content

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42
Q

Lightning protection system

A

It is designed to provide a continuous path from a building to the ground. Unfortunately there is no such thing as preventing a lightning strike.

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43
Q

Photoelectric smoke detectors

A

Like the ones found in homes. It has a beam of light on a sensor, if the beam is obscured by smoke the alarm sounds.

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44
Q

Declination angle

A

Is the angle of the earths axis in comparison to the position of the sun

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45
Q

Angle of View

A

As you step closer to a surface you exchange more heat with surfaces

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46
Q

Emittance

A

Hotter surfaces that radiate heat

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47
Q

Mean Radiant Temperature

A

At any point is a result of the combined effect of a surfaces temperature and angle of exposure

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48
Q

Absorbance

A

Dark and matte surfaces absorb more heat

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49
Q

Variable Air Volume (VAV)

A

Damper per zone Cannot heat one zone while cooling another Damper cannot shut all the way off because it cuts off the required air per code

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50
Q

Terminal reheat with VAV

A
  • Heating element inside VAV box
  • Lots of control
  • Waste energy
  • Best control over outside air
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51
Q

Dual Duct System

A

Creates both hot and cold air at the AHU Mixing box (Combines air) Max 100’

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52
Q

Fan Coil Unit

A

Runs cooling pipes into each space where a fan pushes the cool air into space

53
Q

Evaporative condenser

A

Water sprayed over condenser aids in the cooling of the condenser through evaporation

54
Q

Air Air System

A

Cooled through air Separate mechanical room Twi fans

55
Q

Multi Split System

A

Each indoor or outdoor unit can be either a condenser or an evaporator when needed

56
Q

Chilled Beam System

A
  • Radiator in the ceiling used for cooling
  • Not cold enough for condensation
57
Q

Swamp Cooler

A

Hot dry air adding moisture and causing evaporation or cooling

58
Q

Waste Stack

A

Contains only gray water

59
Q

Shallow Pump

A

Anything up to 25 feet sucks water out of underground pump

60
Q

Deep Well Pump

A

Send water underground then sucks water up and stored in tank

61
Q

Vacuum Breaker

A

Usually on the top of a toilet, used for backflow prevention

62
Q

Nonmettalic sheathed cable

A

flexible cable ; only used in houses not protected well

63
Q

Steel electrical conduit

A

Protects wire, supports wire, used in buildings larger than residential, expensive, time consuming and protects building

64
Q

Flexible armored cable

A

Connects conduit from J-box to light fixture outlet

65
Q

Rectifier

A

Is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC) while periodically reverses direction to direct current (DC) which flows in only one direction

66
Q

Inverter

A

Changes DC to AC used with PV panels.

67
Q

What is the footcandle of most offices?

A

Most offices are 30-50

68
Q

color rendering index

A

0<cri>
</cri>

69
Q

Incandescent Lamp

A
  • Hi CRI = 100
  • Produces heat
  • Wasted Watts
  • Short Lifespan
  • Lamp Life = 2k hours
  • Efficacy = 20
  • CCT= 2500 degrees
70
Q

Fluorescent Lamp

A
  • Uses phospherous powder
  • Cooler
  • High efficacy = 70
  • CRI = 80+/-
  • Lamp Life 15k hours
71
Q

Metal Halide Lamp

A
  • Good CRI =85
  • Cool Light
  • Slowly turns on
  • Lamp Life = 15k hours
  • Efficacy = 80
  • CCT= 4000 degrees
72
Q

High Pressure Sodium Lamp

A
  • Poor CRI = 20
  • Outdoor Applications
  • Efficient / Long Life Lamp Life= 25k hours
  • Efficacy = 100
  • CCT= 2000 degrees
73
Q

Low Pressure Sodium

A
  • CRI= 0
  • Super long life
74
Q

LED Lamp

A

High CRI = 85 Produces little heat Difficulty shedding heat may include fins Long life = 50-100k hours Efficacy = 90 Light does fade over time

75
Q

Ballast

A

regulates the current

76
Q

Specular Reflection

A

The angle of reflection = the angle of incidence

77
Q

Ray Tracing

A

Tracing the sound paths from the source

78
Q

First order reflections

A

Sound paths that include more than one surface

79
Q

Second Order Reflections

A

Sound path has traveled further is weaker, reflected from multple surfaces

80
Q

Reverberation Time

A

is defined as the length of time required for sound to decay 60 decibels from its initial level.

Concert hall = 2 sec

Opera House = 1.5 Sec

Theater = 1 sec

Classroom = .75 sec

81
Q

Impact Insulation Class

A

is an integer-number rating of how well a building floor attenuates impact sounds, such as footsteps. A larger number means more attenuation.

Anything lower than NC 30 = quiet

Anything higher than NC 55 = noisy

82
Q

Transmission Loss

A

Measure at every octoband to describe the robustness of an assembly

83
Q

Sound Transmission Class

A

Single number rating or an integer rating of how well a building partition reduces airborne sound.

84
Q

Sound aka wavelngth Formula

A

Wavelength = velocity of sound / frequency of sound

85
Q

In ground elevator

A

Oil in cyclinder used as fuel , not efficeint, slow

86
Q

Traction Elevator

A

Uses a piston to move, efficeint, fast, smooth

87
Q

Direct Plunger elevator

A

Environmental concerns

88
Q

Holeless Elevator

A

Max lift of 15 feet

89
Q

Roped Hydro Elevator

A

Expensive and problematic

90
Q

Telescoping Holeless

A

Max lift of up to 40 feet

91
Q

Geared Elevator

A

Max rise of 150’ , number of stops between 5-15, Speed is 500fpm

92
Q

Sabins

A

is defined as a unit of sound absorption. It could be calculated with either imperial or metric units. One square foot of 100% absorbing material has a value of one.

93
Q

Decibel

A

a unit used to measure the intensity of a sound or the power level of an electrical signal by comparing it with a given level on a logarithmic scale.

94
Q

Insolation

A

exposure to the sun’s rays.

95
Q

U-factor

A

The rate of heat loss is indicated in terms of the U-factor (U-value) of a window assembly. The lower the U-factor, the greater a window’s resistance to heat flow and the better its insulating properties.

96
Q

R-value

A

the capacity of an insulating material to resist heat flow. The higher the R-value, the greater the insulating power.

97
Q

Zeolite process

A

A process used to soften water that has a high mineral content

98
Q

smoldering stage

A

The first stage of any fire is the smoldering stage. When heat is applied to a combustible material, the heat oxidizes the material’s surface into combustible gases. The oxidation process is exothermic, meaning that the oxidation process itself produces heat.

99
Q

declination angle

A

the angle of the earths axis in comparison to the position of the sun.

100
Q

Cast iron pipe

A

Typically used for sanitary lines in nonresidential buildings because they are noncorrosive.

101
Q

PVC Pipe

A

Often used for cold water supply lines also used for sanitary lines.

102
Q

Blower door

A

A fan that can be mounted in a door frame it is used to pressurize or depressurize a building to measure air infiltration or leakage

103
Q

Nanometer

A

Measures differences in pressure between two spaces.

104
Q

flow hood

A

It is placed over a register or diffuser to measure output

105
Q

centrifugal governor

A

Sets the brake and shuts off the power to an elevator, the first safety device.

106
Q

submersible pump

A

Commonly used for small buildings and residences with a private water supply from a well.

107
Q

suction pumps

A

Work best in shallow wells like less than 25 ft

108
Q

vertical displacement ventilation approach

A

It relies on the difference in density between zones or strata in the space. It is quiet, excellent ventilation and no drafts.

109
Q

demand controlled ventilation

A

uses a carbon dioxide sensor to increase or decrease ventilation of a space according to occupancy. best used in spaces where the occupancy can vary greatly.

110
Q

curtain board

A

aka a draft curtain is an assembly suspended from the ceiling to prohibit movement of smoke and flame.

111
Q

SEER

A

the total cooling output of a central air conditioning system or heat pump in the cooling mode, measured in Btu/hr during its normal usage perios for cooling divided by the total electrical input in watt hours, as determined by specific procedures.

112
Q

groundwater

A

water that seeps into the ground until it hits the impervious layer of rock creating a water table.

113
Q

surface water

A

comes from rain and snow that runs off into rivers and lakes.

114
Q

yield of a well

A

THE NUMBER OF GALLONS PER MINUTE THE WELL provides.

115
Q

jet pump

A

the pump and motor are aboveground and lift water by the venturi principle.

116
Q

Energy transfer wheel

A

Energy transfer wheel transfers heat between two airstreams using a lithium chloride-impregnated heat exchanger.

117
Q

Footlambert

A

The unit of measure of the brightness of a surface and takes into account the transmittance properties of the glass.

or a measurement of the brightness of daylight

118
Q

Footcandle

A

The unit of measure of the light incident on a transitioning or reflecting surface.

119
Q

Candela

A

Unit for candlepower or the measure of luminous intensity

120
Q

noise criteria curve

A

are used to specify the allowable sound pressure levels at octave band center frequencies

121
Q

LAN System or Local Area Network

A

a system of individual computers, computer servers, and wired or wireless connections that allows all the users in an individual building or complex of buildings to share data on a nonpublic network.

122
Q

load factor

A

The ration of the average power used to the maximum power demand is called

123
Q

two-way switch

A

One switch controls a light or other device it is called a two-way switch.

124
Q

three-way switches

A

when two switches are used to control the same device

125
Q

four way switches

A

control the same device from three or more locations

126
Q

Conductance

A

The amount of time of heat lost through one square foot of any given material per hour

127
Q

Resistance

A

The number of hours it would take for one BTU to pass through a material of a given thickness.

128
Q

Busbar

A

Rectangular bars of copper that carry high voltage

129
Q

Busway

A

Multiple Busways in a metal housing

ARE BS (3 decks)

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