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1
Q

Which air-water system functions by mixing incoming air with room air by way of high-pressure jets?

A

Induction systems

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2
Q

What are the two types of incandescent lamps?

A

Incandescent and Halogen

These types cover the entire spectrum of visibel light

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3
Q

What is the relationship between the size of the string and the frequency of the sound?

A

Shorter, tighter, thinner strings produce higher frequenct sound

Shorter wavelength brings higher pitched, higher frequenct sound.

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4
Q

What is the single number often used to evaluate the acoustic qualities of partitions?

A

STC or sound transmission class

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5
Q

What is an Energy Recovery Ventilator (ERV)?

A

It takes energy that is exhausted air out of the building and recycles it with the intake air.

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6
Q

A heat sink, for the purposes of high-mass cooling, could be described as:

A

A facility for rejecting heat accumulated by a building

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7
Q

What is a series circuit?

A

Not used; one lamp can be off while the other is on

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8
Q

What types of gearless elevators are there?

A

Traditional and Machine Room Less

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9
Q

What should be taken advantage of in hot humid climates?

A

Maximize ventilation Increase shared shade percentage When air is evaporating it has a cooling effect

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10
Q

ASHRAE Standard 90.2 calls for thermostats capable of a temperature range of:

A

55 to 85 degrees

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11
Q

What is the required fire rating for corridors and room partitions?

A

1 hour wall 3/4 hour door

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12
Q

What is the voltage used in single family residential?

A

120V /240V, single phase, 3 wire

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13
Q

If an outlet is within how far from a water source they must be GFCI?

A

6 FT

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14
Q

U-value formula

A

1/ total R-value for the assembly

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15
Q

Wet bulb temperatures are taken in air streams moving at ______ feet per minute.

A

1000 ft

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16
Q

Electrical systems in single family homes and duplexes commonly use which type of conductor?

A

nonmettalic sheathed cable; they consist of two or more conductors and ground wires encased in a plastic jacket. It is permitted in residential and buildings 3 stories and under.

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17
Q

Why are plastic pipes sometimes better than metal pipes?

A

They have less friction

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18
Q

What does a globe thermometer measure?

A

Mean Radian Temperature

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19
Q

What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

A spectrum of visible light

Blue wavelength= wavelength is shorter, frequency higher

Red wavelength = wavelength is longer, frequency is shorter

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20
Q

What is typically the maximum height a building that can utilize an up feed water supply system?

A

Up to approx. 40 to 60 ft

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21
Q

What are example of legal traps?

A

P-trap, Bottle trap

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22
Q

What joint method used on copper pipes is reversible ?

A

Flux method or the method of soldering to pipes together at an elbow piece. Plastic pipe however is non reversible.

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23
Q

What is the most efficient light ?

A

High pressure sodium

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24
Q

What types of traction elevators are there?

A

Geared Elevator

Gearless Elevator

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25
Q

What is Low-E glass?

A

Helps prevent Radiant heat from moving from the exterior into the interior aka low emssivity

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26
Q

What is a 3 way switch?

A

Used ti control lighting with two switches ( opposite doors)

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27
Q

What is a deluge?

A

High hazard Area

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28
Q

What is MRT?

A

MRT is an acronym for Mean Radiant Temperature. It is a measure of the average temperature of the surfaces that surround a particular point, with which it will exchange thermal radiation.

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29
Q

What are octave bands?

A

Groupings of frequencies

63HZ, 125HZ, 250HZ, 1000HZ, 2000HZ, 4000HZ

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30
Q

What are examples of illegal traps?

A

Strap, Crown Vented Trap, Bell Trap, Drum Trap

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31
Q

What is the minimum width for an elevator lobby?

A

10 ft

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32
Q

If you double the distance from a sound source what happens to the sound?

A

6DB lower = 1/2 the distance

6DB higher = double the distance

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33
Q

What is included an a psychometric chart?

A

Enthalpy

Dry Bulb Temperature

Relative Humidity

Wet Bulb Temperature or Dew Point

Specific Volume

Humidity Ratio

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34
Q

Sound intensity level changes by 3 dB with every doubling or halving of power and changes by ____ dB with every doubling or halving of the distance from a point source.

A

6 db

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35
Q

What is the voltage used in small buildings?

A

120V single phase, 2 wire

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36
Q

What is the difference between a waste line and a sewage line?

A

A sewage line consists of wastewater including human waste and food waste.

A waste line consist of greywater

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37
Q

Most of the time ducts are sized based on what?

A

Cooling Load

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38
Q

What is the difference between live spaces and dead spaces

A

Very reverberant spaces are often called live spaces and spaces with short reverberation times are called dead spaces

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39
Q

What is a parallel circuit?

A

Two separate switches to control two lamps?

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40
Q

ASHRAE “comfort zones” are primarily defined by:

A

relative humidity and dry-bulb temperature

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41
Q

What agents made be added to drinking water?

A

0.5 ppm of chlorine Fluorine

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42
Q

What is the maximum height for a building to use an up feed water supply system?

A

50 ft to 60 ft

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43
Q

What does U-factor or U-value measure?

A

Thermal conductivity of a particular building element or material

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44
Q

What is the balance point temperature?

A

The building balance point temperature is the outdoor air temperature when the heat gains of the building are equal to the heat losses

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45
Q

Psychometric Chart

A

100% relative humidity means no moisture Increase the heat means increase the moisture and decrease the relative humidity Decrease the heat means increase the density of air and decrease the moisture

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46
Q

What is blackwater?

A

Human waste or food waste

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47
Q

What are the two types of plastic pipes?

A

PVC ( used for supply piping ) ABS ( used for drainage ) never use plastic pipe exposed to sunlight

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48
Q

What are the benefits of a saltbox house?

A

They maximizes the exposure to the southern sun. Minimize the exposure to the building volume.

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49
Q

What is the minimum lighting level per floor level?

A

1 footcandle at the floor level

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50
Q

How does a Sabin apply to sound absorbed?

A

The absorptivity per square foot of any given surface varies from 0 (all sound is reflected) to 1.0 (all sound is absorbed).

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51
Q

What is the most common form of energy used in buildings ?

A

AC Current

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52
Q

What is neutral wire?

A

grounded; uses the ground like a reservoir of electrons

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53
Q

Which HVAC system would be the most appropriate choice for a hospital?

A

fan coil with supplementary air because this system exhausts all return air.

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54
Q

By what process does insulating glass lose heat ?

A

Convection or heat loss through the air gap in glazing

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55
Q

What are some escalator requirements ?

A

Slope 30-35

Speed 100 to 125

Clearance 7ft bed

Capacity 1.25 persons per tread

Max rize = 20-40 feet

60 feet with support

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56
Q

What is an effective sound absorbtion?

A

Anything above 0.75

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57
Q

What is the seasonal energy efficiency ratio?

A

The total cooling output of a central air conditioning system or heat pump

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58
Q

Which type of HID Lamp must be installed in a specified burning position?

A

Metal halide lamps are sensitive to orientation, they are designed to be base up, base down, horizontal or universal

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59
Q

What is a turning vane?

A

Smooths the corner of ductwork to lessen noise

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60
Q

What type of stack vent is used for a toilet?

A

A soil stack vent

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61
Q

What characterizes the most efficient duct ?

A

One with the least perimeter since that results in the least resistance to air movement and the least friction

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62
Q

What is the drainage slope of waste lines?

A

1/4” per foot

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63
Q

What are the three basic categories of plant systems ?

A

Electrical , hydronic , forced air Hydronic- uses hot water or steam

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64
Q

When are standpipes required to be used in buildings?

A

Large floor area buildings

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65
Q

Formula for conduction

A

Q= uvalue x area x temperature difference

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66
Q

The zonal cavity method divides a space into the following cavities:

A

ceiling cavity room cavity and floor cavity

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67
Q

What are two ways the NEC National Electrical Code regulates electrical conduits?

A

To control heat build up in the conduit and prevent damage to the conductors when they are pulled through the conduit.

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68
Q

Anywhere on the Earth’s surface, what is the greatest deviation between true and magnetic north?

A

50%

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69
Q

What is the maximum spacing for electrical outlets behind a kitchen counter?

A

At least 3 ft in front of all electrical equipment.

Maximum spacing between outlets is 12 ft

Each wall more than 2 feet must have outlet

No point along a wall should be further than 6ft from an outlet

70
Q

The SI unit of luminous intensity is the:

A

candela

71
Q

What are the types of LED lights?

A

LED and OLED (Organic)

72
Q

Humans can hear sounds with frequencies ranging from:

A

20 to 20,000 hz

73
Q

What all does a Air Handling Unit consist of?

A

Fan, Filter, Humidifier, Outside Air, Preheat coil, Cooling coil, Heating coil

74
Q

In commercial buildings lighting is estimated to account for ____ percent of the building’s electric energy consumption.

A

over 60

75
Q

What are ways of protecting a building from lightining?

A

A system of lightning rods and conductors extended to the ground

An overhead grid of wire conductors extended to the ground

A system of lightning rods connected to the buildings steel frame and then to the ground

76
Q

What is absorbtion coefficient ?

A

It ranges between 0 and 1.

0= no sound absorbed

1= all sound absorbed (no such thing)

Polished concrete= 0.02

77
Q

What type of conductor wires are used in commercial buildings?

A

EMT or electrical metallic tubing, intermediate metal conduit, or rigid steel conduit are used in commercial or hazardous areas.

78
Q

What are the types of discharge lamps or lamps that require a ballast?

A

Discharge and High Intensity Discharge

79
Q

What is a power factor?

A

Power factor is a result of the current and voltage being out of phase 0

80
Q

What fire rating is required for a vertical means of egress such as stairs or escalators?

A

2 hour wall 1.5 hour door

81
Q

What is lamp lumens?

A

Available light per bulb

82
Q

What are the differences between live spaces and dead spaces ?

A

Very reverberant spaces are called live spaces Spaces with short reverberation times are called dead spaces.

83
Q

How many receptacles are required for a residential building?

A

1 receptacle per 575 sq. ft.

84
Q

What is a heat pump?

A

The refrigeration system remains the same only the coolant flow reverses used in places with milder winters; may include heating coils to better supply heat

85
Q

What is the required fire rating for a wall and door separating two buildings?

A

4 hour door 3 hour wall

86
Q

Where do cleanouts occur? Where do manholes occur?

A

Every 50 ft for pipes less than 4in DIA Every 100 ft in large pipes Every corner where the pipe changes direction more than 45 degrees Manholes occur every 150 ft

87
Q

What is a Type L pipe?

A

Medium, used for supply lines

88
Q

What is the recommended low humidity limit for the ASHRAE comfort zone?

A

There is none

89
Q

What is adiabatic cooling?

A

Adiabatic cooling is the process of reducing heat through a change in air pressure caused by volume expansion.

90
Q

What is the temperature for handwashing, showers, baths, dish washing, and uncomfortable?

A

105 for hand washing

110 for showers and baths

140 for dish washing and laundr

above 110 is too hot to touch

91
Q

Luminous efficacy

A

Luminous efficacy is a measure of how well a light source produces visible light. It is the ratio of luminous flux to power. Luminous efficacy has units of lumens per watt (lm/W)

92
Q

Which type of HVAC system best serves the interior, always-hot zones of internal load-dominated buildings?

A

Single duct VAV boxes

93
Q

What is the typical STC rating or walls, floors, and ceilings ?

A

STC 50

94
Q

‘Operative temperature’ is an average of which temperature measurements in a space?

A

“Operative temperature (previously known as resultant temperature or dry resultant temperature, but renamed to align with ASHRAE and ISO standards) is a simplified measure of human thermal comfort derived from air temperature, mean radiant temperature and air speed. It can be useful in assessing the likely thermal comfort of the occupants of a building.”

95
Q

What is the standard ADA height for the flush control at a toilet ?

A

44 inches

96
Q

What type of lamp has the longest life span?

A

High pressure sodium

97
Q

What is wet bulb temperature good for?

A

Wet Bulb temperature is a good estimate of total heat (sensible heat + latent heat)

98
Q

What are the types of High intensity Discharge lamps or lamps that are very bright but turn on slowly?

A

Low Pressure Sodium

Mercury Vapor

High Pressure Sodium

Metal Halide

99
Q

How many BTUs per hour is one tons of air conditioning?

A

12,000 BTU/hr

100
Q

What is an effective sound reflector?

A

Less than 0.02

101
Q

What is the difference between a furnace and a boiler?

A

A furnace heats air A boiler heats water

102
Q

What is the air economizer cycle?

A

Cooling the building using the cold air outside (free cooling) aka introduces outside air only

103
Q

What classes of standpipes are intended to be used by occupants?

A

Class I - dry stand pipe used by firefighters

Class II - used by occupants

Class III - used by occupants and firefighters

104
Q

What is a Type DWV pipe?

A

Used for drains and vents

105
Q

What is the range of sound for human hearing?

A

20 to 20,000 HZ

106
Q

What is a delta connected source?

A

It only has a single voltage available so only 280V or 480V

107
Q

What is the speed for the movement of sound?

A

1,128 per second

108
Q

What type of electrical conductor provides the most flexibility and changes in the future?

A

flexible metal clad and BX, they consist of two or more conductors inside a continuous spiral-wound strip of steel cable.

109
Q

What is the difference between latent heat and sensible heat?

A

Sensible heat is when transferred heat causes a change in temperature. Latent heat causes a change in state.

110
Q

How tall must the chimney be in comparison to the roof?

A

3 ft taller than the highest point of the roof The top of the flue must be 2 ft higher than any part within 10 ft horizontal

111
Q

Roof Ponds are best used in which climates?

A

Southern US places with large diurnal swings in temperatures

112
Q

What is the typical comfort zone?

A

68 degrees - 78 degrees and 20% - 80% relative humidity

113
Q

What is the minimum diameter of a vent?

A

1 1/4” or half of the diameter of the drain it services.

114
Q

The typical framed wall assembly (in cold climates) has moved in the past decades from R-7 insulation batts between 2-in. x 4-in. studs to:

A

R-26 batts with 2x6 framing and insulating sheathing

115
Q

What happens when you double Delta(T)^3 heat exchange?

A

Heat exchanges increases by 8. aka 2x2x2= 8

116
Q

What is the system for measuring perceived loudness?

A

Sone

117
Q

What is an escalators typical travel speed?

A

100ft per min

118
Q

The zonal cavity method tests what function of illumination?

A

dirt accumulation

lumens per lamp

room size

wall reflectance

119
Q

A diffuse surface will exhibit uniform brightness if the spacing between light sources does not exceed approximately ___ times their distance from the material.

A

1.5

120
Q

How is energy loss through the creation of electricity ?

A

40 % of the energy that goes into making electricity is lost to heat, the other 60% is what is available for distribution, then 5% more leaks as electromagnetism in he distribution lines

121
Q

What types of In-ground elevators are there?

A

Direct Plunger

Holeless

Roped Hydro

Telescoping Holess

122
Q

What are the subcategories or discharge lamps?

A

Flourescent and Neons

Both can turn on instantly

123
Q

Where in the refrigeration flow is the compressor?

A

Between the condenser and evaporator

124
Q

What is the branch circuit?

A

The circuit that serves the room or the end of the line

125
Q

Which piping material has the highest thermal expansion ?

A

Plastic

Cast Iron has the least thermal expansion

126
Q

What are the four types of HID lamps ?

A
  • Mercury vapor lamps - very bright, clear, bluish light that unfortunately makes humans look unhealthy
  • Metal halide gas- typically iodine in the inner envelope
  • High pressure sodium (HPS)
  • Low pressure sodium have the highest ratings in both lifetime and efficacy.
127
Q

What is the voltage used in industrial buildings?

A

2400/4160, 3 phase, 4 wire

128
Q

What is a preaction fire alarm?

A

Sounds an alarm before releasing sprinklers

129
Q

The name given to the force driving electron flow between positive and negative terminals is:

A

volt

130
Q

What is the required fire rating separating two different occupancies?

A

1 hour wall 1 hour door

131
Q

What determines the acidic you the water

A

The lower the pH reading, the more acidic the water.

132
Q

What is the benefit of a single zone building?

A

Better control less efficient for larger buildings.

133
Q

What is geothermal heat pump?

A

The earth supplies warmer temperature than the air in the winter and cooler temperature than the summer. The earth is consistent temperature year round at about 55 degrees (Mid-Atlantic) aka the earth is used as a heat sink

134
Q

What is the difference betters echo and reverberation ?

A

Echo is a discrete reflection of a sound usually delayed 1/10th of a second. Reverberation Is more continuous reflection over shorter time spans.

135
Q

In order for changes to sound transmission to be noticeable a sound must be reduced by how much?

A

5db

136
Q

What is the most common power for residential and small buildings ?

A

120V/240V single phase (one transformer), Three wire System

137
Q

What is the difference between a cable and a wire?

A

A cable is a conductor no 6 or larger

A wire is a conductor no 8 or smaller.

138
Q

What is the minimum distance for a plumbing shaft serving wall hung fixtures in a bathroom?

A

24 inches

139
Q

Voltage drop is due to what ?

A

Due to the resistance of the wire in a given circuit it may become noticeable in a large circuit. No more than 3 percent is allowed in a large circuit. No more than 5 percent in circuits supporting motors.

140
Q

A material with a higher U-value means what?

A

More heat moves through; U-values measure how effective a material is an insulator. The lower the U-value is, the better the material is as a heat insulator.

141
Q

Illuminance is best defined as:

A

the density if luminous energy, defined by lumens per area

142
Q

What is Lamp Lumen Depreciation?

A

Reduced by warm depreciation, wall color, dirt on fixture

143
Q

What is enthalpy?

A

The total heat in the air or total BTU (sensible + latent heat)

144
Q

The minimum fresh air ventilation rate recommended by ASHRAE Standard 62 is?

A

15cfm / person

145
Q

What is the typical COP ( coefficient of performance ) ?

A

It varies between 2 and 3 but usually 2.3

146
Q

What are the angles of waste lines using gravity only ?

A

45 degrees

147
Q

How much does the illumination increase based on a windows head height? And use of a light shelf?

A

Head height x 1.5

Light shelf= head height x 2 or 2.5

148
Q

What is the least efficient light type ?

A

Normal incandescent Then tungsten-halogen followed by mercury vapor.

149
Q

What are the three types of copper tubing ?

A

Type K, Type L, Type M with M being the most common and having the thinnest walls.

150
Q

What is the purpose of a drain trap and vent?

A

Without a trap occupants would be exposed to gases Without a vent water from the trap would end up moving out of the trap

151
Q

What is the difference between internally loaded buildings and skin load dominant buildings ?

A

Internally loaded buildings are heated internally by people, equipment or lighting while skin load dominant buildings are affected by the exterior temperatures

152
Q

Convection formula

A

Q= 1.08 x CFM x temperature difference

153
Q

Sound intensity decreases at what rate?

A

Decreases about 6dB for each doubling distance from the source in free space.

154
Q

What is a Type M pipe?

A

Thin; used for refrigeration

155
Q

What cooling method has the highest operating cost?

A

Constant Volume Reheat

156
Q

What is the voltage used in large buildings>

A

277V / 480V, 3 phase, 4 wires

157
Q

The noise reduction coefficient (NRC) is:

A

The arithmetic average of absorption coefficient at four frequencies

158
Q

Vertical fins are most effective on what facades ?

A

East and west

159
Q

What is a building energy cost method used for?

A

It allows the designer to compare the annual energy cost of the design building to a baseline building.

160
Q

What is a wye connected source?

A

It has two voltages available (phase to phase and phase to neutral)

161
Q

How does coolant work?

A

Coolant that is evaporating or boiling is cold; Coolant that is condensing is warm. The boiling point of a fluid is pressure; Decrease in pressure causes boiling. Boiling requires heat in order to change liquid to gas.

162
Q

What is a 4 way switch?

A

Used to control light with three or more switches (3 doors)

163
Q

What type of lamp is this?

F30T12WWRD

A

Flourescent

30 watts

Warm White

Rapid Start

164
Q

What are the fire extinguisher types?

A

A- Water based - used for paper or wood

B - Foam Based - used for chemicals

C- Foam Based - Used for electrical fires

D - Foam Based - Used for combustible metals

165
Q

What is the water side economizer cycle?

A

Opening of the expansion valve, no refrigeration loop, chiller becomes heat exchange

166
Q

A typical sound pressure level (dBA) for human breathing is 10, and for a jet plane takeoff is 150. The threshold of discomfort is about ____ dBA.

A

110

167
Q

What is a type K pipe?

A

Thickest, best underground,

168
Q

What is the approximate spectrum range for visible light?

A

400-700 nm

169
Q

Which of the following temperatures falls within a typical building’s deadband?

A

A deadband is a range of temperatures in which no heating or cooling is required. 70°F typically falls within a building’s deadband.

170
Q

What is sound?

A

Sound is defined as “mechanical vibrations transmitted through an elastic medium.”

ARE BS (3 decks)

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