Quiz Flashcards
Which air-water system functions by mixing incoming air with room air by way of high-pressure jets?
Induction systems
What are the two types of incandescent lamps?
Incandescent and Halogen
These types cover the entire spectrum of visibel light
What is the relationship between the size of the string and the frequency of the sound?
Shorter, tighter, thinner strings produce higher frequenct sound
Shorter wavelength brings higher pitched, higher frequenct sound.
What is the single number often used to evaluate the acoustic qualities of partitions?
STC or sound transmission class
What is an Energy Recovery Ventilator (ERV)?
It takes energy that is exhausted air out of the building and recycles it with the intake air.
A heat sink, for the purposes of high-mass cooling, could be described as:
A facility for rejecting heat accumulated by a building
What is a series circuit?
Not used; one lamp can be off while the other is on
What types of gearless elevators are there?
Traditional and Machine Room Less
What should be taken advantage of in hot humid climates?
Maximize ventilation Increase shared shade percentage When air is evaporating it has a cooling effect
ASHRAE Standard 90.2 calls for thermostats capable of a temperature range of:
55 to 85 degrees
What is the required fire rating for corridors and room partitions?
1 hour wall 3/4 hour door
What is the voltage used in single family residential?
120V /240V, single phase, 3 wire
If an outlet is within how far from a water source they must be GFCI?
6 FT
U-value formula
1/ total R-value for the assembly
Wet bulb temperatures are taken in air streams moving at ______ feet per minute.
1000 ft
Electrical systems in single family homes and duplexes commonly use which type of conductor?
nonmettalic sheathed cable; they consist of two or more conductors and ground wires encased in a plastic jacket. It is permitted in residential and buildings 3 stories and under.
Why are plastic pipes sometimes better than metal pipes?
They have less friction
What does a globe thermometer measure?
Mean Radian Temperature
What is the electromagnetic spectrum?
A spectrum of visible light
Blue wavelength= wavelength is shorter, frequency higher
Red wavelength = wavelength is longer, frequency is shorter
What is typically the maximum height a building that can utilize an up feed water supply system?
Up to approx. 40 to 60 ft
What are example of legal traps?
P-trap, Bottle trap
What joint method used on copper pipes is reversible ?
Flux method or the method of soldering to pipes together at an elbow piece. Plastic pipe however is non reversible.
What is the most efficient light ?
High pressure sodium
What types of traction elevators are there?
Geared Elevator
Gearless Elevator
What is Low-E glass?
Helps prevent Radiant heat from moving from the exterior into the interior aka low emssivity
What is a 3 way switch?
Used ti control lighting with two switches ( opposite doors)
What is a deluge?
High hazard Area
What is MRT?
MRT is an acronym for Mean Radiant Temperature. It is a measure of the average temperature of the surfaces that surround a particular point, with which it will exchange thermal radiation.
What are octave bands?
Groupings of frequencies
63HZ, 125HZ, 250HZ, 1000HZ, 2000HZ, 4000HZ
What are examples of illegal traps?
Strap, Crown Vented Trap, Bell Trap, Drum Trap
What is the minimum width for an elevator lobby?
10 ft
If you double the distance from a sound source what happens to the sound?
6DB lower = 1/2 the distance
6DB higher = double the distance
What is included an a psychometric chart?
Enthalpy
Dry Bulb Temperature
Relative Humidity
Wet Bulb Temperature or Dew Point
Specific Volume
Humidity Ratio
Sound intensity level changes by 3 dB with every doubling or halving of power and changes by ____ dB with every doubling or halving of the distance from a point source.
6 db
What is the voltage used in small buildings?
120V single phase, 2 wire
What is the difference between a waste line and a sewage line?
A sewage line consists of wastewater including human waste and food waste.
A waste line consist of greywater
Most of the time ducts are sized based on what?
Cooling Load
What is the difference between live spaces and dead spaces
Very reverberant spaces are often called live spaces and spaces with short reverberation times are called dead spaces
What is a parallel circuit?
Two separate switches to control two lamps?
ASHRAE “comfort zones” are primarily defined by:
relative humidity and dry-bulb temperature
What agents made be added to drinking water?
0.5 ppm of chlorine Fluorine
What is the maximum height for a building to use an up feed water supply system?
50 ft to 60 ft
What does U-factor or U-value measure?
Thermal conductivity of a particular building element or material
What is the balance point temperature?
The building balance point temperature is the outdoor air temperature when the heat gains of the building are equal to the heat losses
Psychometric Chart
100% relative humidity means no moisture Increase the heat means increase the moisture and decrease the relative humidity Decrease the heat means increase the density of air and decrease the moisture
What is blackwater?
Human waste or food waste
What are the two types of plastic pipes?
PVC ( used for supply piping ) ABS ( used for drainage ) never use plastic pipe exposed to sunlight
What are the benefits of a saltbox house?
They maximizes the exposure to the southern sun. Minimize the exposure to the building volume.
What is the minimum lighting level per floor level?
1 footcandle at the floor level
How does a Sabin apply to sound absorbed?
The absorptivity per square foot of any given surface varies from 0 (all sound is reflected) to 1.0 (all sound is absorbed).
What is the most common form of energy used in buildings ?
AC Current
What is neutral wire?
grounded; uses the ground like a reservoir of electrons
Which HVAC system would be the most appropriate choice for a hospital?
fan coil with supplementary air because this system exhausts all return air.
By what process does insulating glass lose heat ?
Convection or heat loss through the air gap in glazing
What are some escalator requirements ?
Slope 30-35
Speed 100 to 125
Clearance 7ft bed
Capacity 1.25 persons per tread
Max rize = 20-40 feet
60 feet with support
What is an effective sound absorbtion?
Anything above 0.75
What is the seasonal energy efficiency ratio?
The total cooling output of a central air conditioning system or heat pump
Which type of HID Lamp must be installed in a specified burning position?
Metal halide lamps are sensitive to orientation, they are designed to be base up, base down, horizontal or universal
What is a turning vane?
Smooths the corner of ductwork to lessen noise
What type of stack vent is used for a toilet?
A soil stack vent
What characterizes the most efficient duct ?
One with the least perimeter since that results in the least resistance to air movement and the least friction
What is the drainage slope of waste lines?
1/4” per foot
What are the three basic categories of plant systems ?
Electrical , hydronic , forced air Hydronic- uses hot water or steam
When are standpipes required to be used in buildings?
Large floor area buildings
Formula for conduction
Q= uvalue x area x temperature difference
The zonal cavity method divides a space into the following cavities:
ceiling cavity room cavity and floor cavity
What are two ways the NEC National Electrical Code regulates electrical conduits?
To control heat build up in the conduit and prevent damage to the conductors when they are pulled through the conduit.
Anywhere on the Earth’s surface, what is the greatest deviation between true and magnetic north?
50%
What is the maximum spacing for electrical outlets behind a kitchen counter?
At least 3 ft in front of all electrical equipment.
Maximum spacing between outlets is 12 ft
Each wall more than 2 feet must have outlet
No point along a wall should be further than 6ft from an outlet
The SI unit of luminous intensity is the:
candela
What are the types of LED lights?
LED and OLED (Organic)
Humans can hear sounds with frequencies ranging from:
20 to 20,000 hz
What all does a Air Handling Unit consist of?
Fan, Filter, Humidifier, Outside Air, Preheat coil, Cooling coil, Heating coil
In commercial buildings lighting is estimated to account for ____ percent of the building’s electric energy consumption.
over 60
What are ways of protecting a building from lightining?
A system of lightning rods and conductors extended to the ground
An overhead grid of wire conductors extended to the ground
A system of lightning rods connected to the buildings steel frame and then to the ground
What is absorbtion coefficient ?
It ranges between 0 and 1.
0= no sound absorbed
1= all sound absorbed (no such thing)
Polished concrete= 0.02
What type of conductor wires are used in commercial buildings?
EMT or electrical metallic tubing, intermediate metal conduit, or rigid steel conduit are used in commercial or hazardous areas.
What are the types of discharge lamps or lamps that require a ballast?
Discharge and High Intensity Discharge
What is a power factor?
Power factor is a result of the current and voltage being out of phase 0
What fire rating is required for a vertical means of egress such as stairs or escalators?
2 hour wall 1.5 hour door
What is lamp lumens?
Available light per bulb
What are the differences between live spaces and dead spaces ?
Very reverberant spaces are called live spaces Spaces with short reverberation times are called dead spaces.
How many receptacles are required for a residential building?
1 receptacle per 575 sq. ft.
What is a heat pump?
The refrigeration system remains the same only the coolant flow reverses used in places with milder winters; may include heating coils to better supply heat
What is the required fire rating for a wall and door separating two buildings?
4 hour door 3 hour wall
Where do cleanouts occur? Where do manholes occur?
Every 50 ft for pipes less than 4in DIA Every 100 ft in large pipes Every corner where the pipe changes direction more than 45 degrees Manholes occur every 150 ft
What is a Type L pipe?
Medium, used for supply lines
What is the recommended low humidity limit for the ASHRAE comfort zone?
There is none
What is adiabatic cooling?
Adiabatic cooling is the process of reducing heat through a change in air pressure caused by volume expansion.
What is the temperature for handwashing, showers, baths, dish washing, and uncomfortable?
105 for hand washing
110 for showers and baths
140 for dish washing and laundr
above 110 is too hot to touch
Luminous efficacy
Luminous efficacy is a measure of how well a light source produces visible light. It is the ratio of luminous flux to power. Luminous efficacy has units of lumens per watt (lm/W)
Which type of HVAC system best serves the interior, always-hot zones of internal load-dominated buildings?
Single duct VAV boxes
What is the typical STC rating or walls, floors, and ceilings ?
STC 50
‘Operative temperature’ is an average of which temperature measurements in a space?
“Operative temperature (previously known as resultant temperature or dry resultant temperature, but renamed to align with ASHRAE and ISO standards) is a simplified measure of human thermal comfort derived from air temperature, mean radiant temperature and air speed. It can be useful in assessing the likely thermal comfort of the occupants of a building.”
What is the standard ADA height for the flush control at a toilet ?
44 inches
What type of lamp has the longest life span?
High pressure sodium
What is wet bulb temperature good for?
Wet Bulb temperature is a good estimate of total heat (sensible heat + latent heat)
What are the types of High intensity Discharge lamps or lamps that are very bright but turn on slowly?
Low Pressure Sodium
Mercury Vapor
High Pressure Sodium
Metal Halide
How many BTUs per hour is one tons of air conditioning?
12,000 BTU/hr
What is an effective sound reflector?
Less than 0.02
What is the difference between a furnace and a boiler?
A furnace heats air A boiler heats water
What is the air economizer cycle?
Cooling the building using the cold air outside (free cooling) aka introduces outside air only
What classes of standpipes are intended to be used by occupants?
Class I - dry stand pipe used by firefighters
Class II - used by occupants
Class III - used by occupants and firefighters
What is a Type DWV pipe?
Used for drains and vents
What is the range of sound for human hearing?
20 to 20,000 HZ
What is a delta connected source?
It only has a single voltage available so only 280V or 480V
What is the speed for the movement of sound?
1,128 per second
What type of electrical conductor provides the most flexibility and changes in the future?
flexible metal clad and BX, they consist of two or more conductors inside a continuous spiral-wound strip of steel cable.
What is the difference between latent heat and sensible heat?
Sensible heat is when transferred heat causes a change in temperature. Latent heat causes a change in state.
How tall must the chimney be in comparison to the roof?
3 ft taller than the highest point of the roof The top of the flue must be 2 ft higher than any part within 10 ft horizontal
Roof Ponds are best used in which climates?
Southern US places with large diurnal swings in temperatures
What is the typical comfort zone?
68 degrees - 78 degrees and 20% - 80% relative humidity
What is the minimum diameter of a vent?
1 1/4” or half of the diameter of the drain it services.
The typical framed wall assembly (in cold climates) has moved in the past decades from R-7 insulation batts between 2-in. x 4-in. studs to:
R-26 batts with 2x6 framing and insulating sheathing
What happens when you double Delta(T)^3 heat exchange?
Heat exchanges increases by 8. aka 2x2x2= 8
What is the system for measuring perceived loudness?
Sone
What is an escalators typical travel speed?
100ft per min
The zonal cavity method tests what function of illumination?
dirt accumulation
lumens per lamp
room size
wall reflectance
A diffuse surface will exhibit uniform brightness if the spacing between light sources does not exceed approximately ___ times their distance from the material.
1.5
How is energy loss through the creation of electricity ?
40 % of the energy that goes into making electricity is lost to heat, the other 60% is what is available for distribution, then 5% more leaks as electromagnetism in he distribution lines
What types of In-ground elevators are there?
Direct Plunger
Holeless
Roped Hydro
Telescoping Holess
What are the subcategories or discharge lamps?
Flourescent and Neons
Both can turn on instantly
Where in the refrigeration flow is the compressor?
Between the condenser and evaporator
What is the branch circuit?
The circuit that serves the room or the end of the line
Which piping material has the highest thermal expansion ?
Plastic
Cast Iron has the least thermal expansion
What are the four types of HID lamps ?
- Mercury vapor lamps - very bright, clear, bluish light that unfortunately makes humans look unhealthy
- Metal halide gas- typically iodine in the inner envelope
- High pressure sodium (HPS)
- Low pressure sodium have the highest ratings in both lifetime and efficacy.
What is the voltage used in industrial buildings?
2400/4160, 3 phase, 4 wire
What is a preaction fire alarm?
Sounds an alarm before releasing sprinklers
The name given to the force driving electron flow between positive and negative terminals is:
volt
What is the required fire rating separating two different occupancies?
1 hour wall 1 hour door
What determines the acidic you the water
The lower the pH reading, the more acidic the water.
What is the benefit of a single zone building?
Better control less efficient for larger buildings.
What is geothermal heat pump?
The earth supplies warmer temperature than the air in the winter and cooler temperature than the summer. The earth is consistent temperature year round at about 55 degrees (Mid-Atlantic) aka the earth is used as a heat sink
What is the difference betters echo and reverberation ?
Echo is a discrete reflection of a sound usually delayed 1/10th of a second. Reverberation Is more continuous reflection over shorter time spans.
In order for changes to sound transmission to be noticeable a sound must be reduced by how much?
5db
What is the most common power for residential and small buildings ?
120V/240V single phase (one transformer), Three wire System
What is the difference between a cable and a wire?
A cable is a conductor no 6 or larger
A wire is a conductor no 8 or smaller.
What is the minimum distance for a plumbing shaft serving wall hung fixtures in a bathroom?
24 inches
Voltage drop is due to what ?
Due to the resistance of the wire in a given circuit it may become noticeable in a large circuit. No more than 3 percent is allowed in a large circuit. No more than 5 percent in circuits supporting motors.
A material with a higher U-value means what?
More heat moves through; U-values measure how effective a material is an insulator. The lower the U-value is, the better the material is as a heat insulator.
Illuminance is best defined as:
the density if luminous energy, defined by lumens per area
What is Lamp Lumen Depreciation?
Reduced by warm depreciation, wall color, dirt on fixture
What is enthalpy?
The total heat in the air or total BTU (sensible + latent heat)
The minimum fresh air ventilation rate recommended by ASHRAE Standard 62 is?
15cfm / person
What is the typical COP ( coefficient of performance ) ?
It varies between 2 and 3 but usually 2.3
What are the angles of waste lines using gravity only ?
45 degrees
How much does the illumination increase based on a windows head height? And use of a light shelf?
Head height x 1.5
Light shelf= head height x 2 or 2.5
What is the least efficient light type ?
Normal incandescent Then tungsten-halogen followed by mercury vapor.
What are the three types of copper tubing ?
Type K, Type L, Type M with M being the most common and having the thinnest walls.
What is the purpose of a drain trap and vent?
Without a trap occupants would be exposed to gases Without a vent water from the trap would end up moving out of the trap
What is the difference between internally loaded buildings and skin load dominant buildings ?
Internally loaded buildings are heated internally by people, equipment or lighting while skin load dominant buildings are affected by the exterior temperatures
Convection formula
Q= 1.08 x CFM x temperature difference
Sound intensity decreases at what rate?
Decreases about 6dB for each doubling distance from the source in free space.
What is a Type M pipe?
Thin; used for refrigeration
What cooling method has the highest operating cost?
Constant Volume Reheat
What is the voltage used in large buildings>
277V / 480V, 3 phase, 4 wires
The noise reduction coefficient (NRC) is:
The arithmetic average of absorption coefficient at four frequencies
Vertical fins are most effective on what facades ?
East and west
What is a building energy cost method used for?
It allows the designer to compare the annual energy cost of the design building to a baseline building.
What is a wye connected source?
It has two voltages available (phase to phase and phase to neutral)
How does coolant work?
Coolant that is evaporating or boiling is cold; Coolant that is condensing is warm. The boiling point of a fluid is pressure; Decrease in pressure causes boiling. Boiling requires heat in order to change liquid to gas.
What is a 4 way switch?
Used to control light with three or more switches (3 doors)
What type of lamp is this?
F30T12WWRD
Flourescent
30 watts
Warm White
Rapid Start
What are the fire extinguisher types?
A- Water based - used for paper or wood
B - Foam Based - used for chemicals
C- Foam Based - Used for electrical fires
D - Foam Based - Used for combustible metals
What is the water side economizer cycle?
Opening of the expansion valve, no refrigeration loop, chiller becomes heat exchange
A typical sound pressure level (dBA) for human breathing is 10, and for a jet plane takeoff is 150. The threshold of discomfort is about ____ dBA.
110
What is a type K pipe?
Thickest, best underground,
What is the approximate spectrum range for visible light?
400-700 nm
Which of the following temperatures falls within a typical building’s deadband?
A deadband is a range of temperatures in which no heating or cooling is required. 70°F typically falls within a building’s deadband.
What is sound?
Sound is defined as “mechanical vibrations transmitted through an elastic medium.”
