Terms Flashcards
1
Q
below
A
Inferior
2
Q
behind
A
Dorsal
3
Q
toward the side
A
Lateral
4
Q
away from the body surface
A
Deep
5
Q
farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
A
Distal
6
Q
toward the midline
A
Medial
7
Q
above
A
Superior
8
Q
close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
A
Proximal
9
Q
in front of
A
Ventral
10
Q
armpit
A
Axillary
11
Q
ankle
A
Tarsal
12
Q
hip
A
Coxal
13
Q
eye area
A
Orbital
14
Q
navel
A
Umbilical
15
Q
mouth
A
Oral
16
Q
thigh
A
Femoral
17
Q
anterior knee
A
Patellar
18
Q
posterior knee area
A
Popliteal
19
Q
area where thigh meets body trunk
A
Inguinal
20
Q
endocrine system
A
Slow-acting body control system
21
Q
lymphatic system
A
Houses blood cells involved in immunity
22
Q
skeletal system
A
Site of hematopoiesis
23
Q
urinary system
A
Regulation of water and electrolytes
24
Q
muscular system
A
Heat production
25
nervous system
Responds to stimuli (internal and external)
26
depolarization
Period when the interior of the cell becomes less negative due to an influx of sodium ion
27
repolarization
Specific period during which potassium ions diffuse out of the neuron due to a change in membrane permeability
28
action potential
Termed a nerve impulse when transmitted
29
polarization
Period when the neuron is at rest; it has a more negative interior in comparison to the positive exterior
30
graded potential
Local depolarization is also known as this term
31
temporal lobe
Auditory area
32
parietal lobe
Primary sensory cortex
33
frontal lobe
Somatic motor cortex
34
frontal lobe
Motor speech area
35
frontal lobe
Premotor area
36
occipital lobe
Visual area
37
midbrain
Composed of cerebral peduncles and the corpora quadrigemina
38
medulla oblongata
Contains centers that control heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, swallowing, and vomiting
39
pituitary gland
Gland that hangs from the hypothalamus
40
hypothalamus
Regulates body temperature, water balance, and metabolism
41
thalamus
Relay station for sensory impulses passing to the sensory cortex
42
reticular formation
Motor control of the visceral organs
43
Trochlear
Cranial nerve IV
44
Abducens
Moves eyes laterally
45
Optic
Cranial nerve II
46
Oculomotor
Controls lens shape and pupil size
47
Glossopharyngeal
Cranial nerve IX
48
Vagus
Promotes digestive activity and regulates heart activity
49
Facial
Cranial nerve VII
50
Hypoglossal
Fibers emerge from the medulla and run to the throat
51
sclera
"White of the eye"
52
choroid
Blood-rich tunic that contains dark pigment
53
ciliary body
Smooth muscle structures attached to the lens
54
lens
Flexible biconvex crystal-like structure
55
iris
Circularly and radially arranged pigmented smooth muscle fibers
56
pupil
Rounded opening through which light passes
57
retina
Contains millions of photoreceptors
58
fovea centralis
Area of greatest visual acuity
59
optic disc
Blind spot
60
outer ear
Pinna
61
eardrum
Tympanic membrane
62
links the middle ear and the throat
Auditory tube
63
hammer
Malleus
64
anvil
Incus
65
anvil
Stapes
66
snail-like subdivision of the osseous labyrinth
Cochlea
67
contains the hair cells
Spiral organ of Corti
68
contains receptors for dynamic equilibrium
Semicircular canals
69
contains the receptors for static equilibrium
Vestibule
70
sweet receptors
Sugar, saccharine
71
sour receptors
Oranges, tomatoes
72
umami receptors
Amino acid glutamate
73
bitter receptors
Alkaloids
74
salty receptors
Metal ions in solution
75
sour receptors
Hydrogen ions in solution
76
myopia
Nearsightedness
77
glaucoma
Increased pressure within the eye
78
astigmatism
Blurry images due to unequal curvatures of the cornea or lens
79
hyperopia
Eyeball is "too short"
80
conjunctivitis
Inflammation of the conjunctiva
81
night blindness
Prolonged vitamin A deficiency results in deterioration of the neural retina
82
anterior pituitary
Growth hormone
83
anterior pituitary
Prolactin
84
anterior pituitary
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
85
anterior pituitary
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
86
anterior pituitary
Luteinizing hormone
87
posterior pituitary
Oxytocin
88
posterior pituitary
Antidiuretic hormone
89
anterior pituitary
Follicle-stimulating hormone
90
thyroid
Thyroxine
91
thyroid
Calcitonin
92
parathyroids
Parathormone
93
adrenal cortex
Aldosterone
94
adrenal cortex
Cortisone
95
adrenal medulla
Catecholamines
96
adrenal cortex
Glucocorticoids
97
beta cells of pancreatic islets
Insulin
98
alpha cells of pancreatic islets
Glucagon
99
pineal
Melatonin
100
thymus
Thymosin
101
placenta
Human chorionic gonadotropin
102
prolactin
Stimulates milk production
103
antidiuretic hormone
Promotes water retention by the kidneys
104
growth hormone
Stimulates growth of bone and muscles
105
insulin
Reduces blood glucose levels
106
parathyroid hormone
Raises blood calcium levels
107
progesterone
Promotes growth of uterine lining
108
oxytocin
Stimulates contraction of the uterus
109
thymosin
Programs T lymphocytes
110
calyces
Cup-shaped extensions of the pelvis
111
renal cortex
Outer, lighter region of the kidney
112
renal artery
Vessels supplying each kidney with blood to be filtered
113
renal columns
Cortex-like extensions that separate the pyramids
114
renal medulla
Darker, reddish-brown internal area of the kidney
115
renal pyramids
Triangular regions with a striped appearance
116
renal pelvis
Flat, basinlike cavity medial to the hilus of the kidney
117
ureter
Tube that drains urine from the kidney to the bladder
118
bladder
Muscular sac suitable for temporary urine storage
119
urethra
Transports urine and sperm in males
120
bladder
In males, this organ is surrounded by the prostate
121
bladder
Contains an area called the trigone formed by the openings of the ureters and urethra
122
bladder
Inflammation of this organ is called cystitis
123
testis
Organ that produces testosterone
124
urethra
Tube that transports either urine or sperm to the exterior of the body
125
seminal vesicles
Gland that produces a thick, yellowish secretion
126
scrotum
Sac of skin found hanging outside the abdominal cavity
127
uterus
Organ that is the typical site of implantation of a fertilized egg
128
uterine (fallopian) tube
Duct that transports a fertilized egg
129
ovary
Organ that produces eggs
130
clitoris
Structure that corresponds to the male penis
131
mons pubis
Fatty, rounded area overlying the pubic symphysis
