Terms Flashcards
below
Inferior
behind
Dorsal
toward the side
Lateral
away from the body surface
Deep
farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Distal
toward the midline
Medial
above
Superior
close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Proximal
in front of
Ventral
armpit
Axillary
ankle
Tarsal
hip
Coxal
eye area
Orbital
navel
Umbilical
mouth
Oral
thigh
Femoral
anterior knee
Patellar
posterior knee area
Popliteal
area where thigh meets body trunk
Inguinal
endocrine system
Slow-acting body control system
lymphatic system
Houses blood cells involved in immunity
skeletal system
Site of hematopoiesis
urinary system
Regulation of water and electrolytes
muscular system
Heat production
nervous system
Responds to stimuli (internal and external)
depolarization
Period when the interior of the cell becomes less negative due to an influx of sodium ion
repolarization
Specific period during which potassium ions diffuse out of the neuron due to a change in membrane permeability
action potential
Termed a nerve impulse when transmitted
polarization
Period when the neuron is at rest; it has a more negative interior in comparison to the positive exterior
graded potential
Local depolarization is also known as this term
temporal lobe
Auditory area
parietal lobe
Primary sensory cortex
frontal lobe
Somatic motor cortex
frontal lobe
Motor speech area
frontal lobe
Premotor area
occipital lobe
Visual area
midbrain
Composed of cerebral peduncles and the corpora quadrigemina
medulla oblongata
Contains centers that control heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, swallowing, and vomiting
pituitary gland
Gland that hangs from the hypothalamus
hypothalamus
Regulates body temperature, water balance, and metabolism
thalamus
Relay station for sensory impulses passing to the sensory cortex
reticular formation
Motor control of the visceral organs
Trochlear
Cranial nerve IV
Abducens
Moves eyes laterally
Optic
Cranial nerve II
Oculomotor
Controls lens shape and pupil size
Glossopharyngeal
Cranial nerve IX
Vagus
Promotes digestive activity and regulates heart activity
Facial
Cranial nerve VII
Hypoglossal
Fibers emerge from the medulla and run to the throat
sclera
“White of the eye”
choroid
Blood-rich tunic that contains dark pigment
ciliary body
Smooth muscle structures attached to the lens
lens
Flexible biconvex crystal-like structure
iris
Circularly and radially arranged pigmented smooth muscle fibers
pupil
Rounded opening through which light passes
retina
Contains millions of photoreceptors
fovea centralis
Area of greatest visual acuity
optic disc
Blind spot
outer ear
Pinna
eardrum
Tympanic membrane
links the middle ear and the throat
Auditory tube
hammer
Malleus
anvil
Incus
anvil
Stapes
snail-like subdivision of the osseous labyrinth
Cochlea
contains the hair cells
Spiral organ of Corti
contains receptors for dynamic equilibrium
Semicircular canals
contains the receptors for static equilibrium
Vestibule
sweet receptors
Sugar, saccharine
sour receptors
Oranges, tomatoes
umami receptors
Amino acid glutamate
bitter receptors
Alkaloids
salty receptors
Metal ions in solution
sour receptors
Hydrogen ions in solution
myopia
Nearsightedness
glaucoma
Increased pressure within the eye
astigmatism
Blurry images due to unequal curvatures of the cornea or lens
hyperopia
Eyeball is “too short”
conjunctivitis
Inflammation of the conjunctiva
night blindness
Prolonged vitamin A deficiency results in deterioration of the neural retina
anterior pituitary
Growth hormone
anterior pituitary
Prolactin
anterior pituitary
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
anterior pituitary
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
anterior pituitary
Luteinizing hormone
posterior pituitary
Oxytocin
posterior pituitary
Antidiuretic hormone
anterior pituitary
Follicle-stimulating hormone
thyroid
Thyroxine
thyroid
Calcitonin
parathyroids
Parathormone
adrenal cortex
Aldosterone
adrenal cortex
Cortisone
adrenal medulla
Catecholamines
adrenal cortex
Glucocorticoids
beta cells of pancreatic islets
Insulin
alpha cells of pancreatic islets
Glucagon
pineal
Melatonin
thymus
Thymosin
placenta
Human chorionic gonadotropin
prolactin
Stimulates milk production
antidiuretic hormone
Promotes water retention by the kidneys
growth hormone
Stimulates growth of bone and muscles
insulin
Reduces blood glucose levels
parathyroid hormone
Raises blood calcium levels
progesterone
Promotes growth of uterine lining
oxytocin
Stimulates contraction of the uterus
thymosin
Programs T lymphocytes
calyces
Cup-shaped extensions of the pelvis
renal cortex
Outer, lighter region of the kidney
renal artery
Vessels supplying each kidney with blood to be filtered
renal columns
Cortex-like extensions that separate the pyramids
renal medulla
Darker, reddish-brown internal area of the kidney
renal pyramids
Triangular regions with a striped appearance
renal pelvis
Flat, basinlike cavity medial to the hilus of the kidney
ureter
Tube that drains urine from the kidney to the bladder
bladder
Muscular sac suitable for temporary urine storage
urethra
Transports urine and sperm in males
bladder
In males, this organ is surrounded by the prostate
bladder
Contains an area called the trigone formed by the openings of the ureters and urethra
bladder
Inflammation of this organ is called cystitis
testis
Organ that produces testosterone
urethra
Tube that transports either urine or sperm to the exterior of the body
seminal vesicles
Gland that produces a thick, yellowish secretion
scrotum
Sac of skin found hanging outside the abdominal cavity
uterus
Organ that is the typical site of implantation of a fertilized egg
uterine (fallopian) tube
Duct that transports a fertilized egg
ovary
Organ that produces eggs
clitoris
Structure that corresponds to the male penis
mons pubis
Fatty, rounded area overlying the pubic symphysis
