Terms Flashcards
1
Q
What are permanent cosmetics
A
Micro insertions of pigment into the dermal layer of skin
2
Q
Digital
A
electronic bits providing sound, data or images of information stored in an electronic or magnetic medium, void of distortion
3
Q
Differential
A
Converts one rotary directional movement to another
4
Q
Asepsis
A
Absence of disease causing micro-organisms
5
Q
Antiseptic
A
A chemical germicide used on skin or living tissue
6
Q
Antibiotic
A
Medication that can kill some bacteria, but not all.
7
Q
Autoclave
A
Device for killing all living microbial life with steam and pressure
8
Q
Communicable disease
A
Disease or infection that may be transmitted or spread from one person to another
9
Q
Cross-contamination
A
Transfer of blood-borne pathogens from patient to patient
10
Q
Detergent
A
Chemical used for cleaning surfaces. Various properties as surface wetting, soil emulsification, soil dispersion, or soil suspending
11
Q
Disinfection
A
Reduction or removal of a material killing microorganism but not necessarily their spores
12
Q
Disinfection detergent
A
Chemical product formulated with cleaning agents and germicides selected for soil removal and simultaneous disinfection
13
Q
Epidemiology
A
Study of diseases
14
Q
Fungicide
A
Chemical that kills or destroys fungal growth
15
Q
Germicide
A
Chemical that destroys bacteria but not necessarily spores
16
Q
Indirect transmission
A
Contracting a disease by touching a contaminated surface then touching eyes, mouth, or mucus membrane
17
Q
Infection
A
Entering of micro-organism and its growth within the host to produce the characteristics or symptoms of an infectious disease
18
Q
Invasive
A
Penetrating living tissue
19
Q
Micro-organisms
A
Small living plants or animals that are not visible to the naked eye
20
Q
Pathogen
A
Disease producing micro-organism
21
Q
Sanitary
A
Hygienically clean safe condition
22
Q
Sanitized
A
Clean and free from most germs
23
Q
Sanitizer
A
To chemically or physically reduce microbial population to a level judged to be safe to public health requirements.
24
Q
Spores
A
Bacteria in mass that have formed a hard protective coating and cannot be eliminated by germicides
25
Sterile
Absence of microbial life
26
Sterilization
Complete destruction of microbial matter including spores
27
Universal precautions
contact with blood and body fluids has potential for infecting exposed individuals
28
7 Keys of Asepsis
1. Knowing what is clean
2. Knowing what is contaminated
3. Knowing what is sterile
4. Keep clean, contaminated, and sterile items separated
5. Storage and opening of sterile packages appropriately will help decrease contamination to sterile field and instruments
6. Resolve contamination quickly
7. Be aware of cross contamination occurrences and their prevention
29
Chain of infection
1. Mode of transmission
2. Susceptible host
3. Portal of entry
4. Reservoir
5. Causing agent
6. Portal of exit
30
Susceptible host
When immune system is not functioning effectively and a human cannot fight off a causing agent
31
Portal of entry
Way the microorganism enters into a new host (mucosal, digestive tract, respiratory tract, eyes, vein punctures
32
Reservoir
Place of origin of infection or disease
33
Causing agent
Bacteria, virus, fungi, Protozoa
34
Portal of exit
Means by which causing agent can escape
35
Mechanical removal
Hand washing
36
Irritant contact dermatitis
Dry, flaky, irritated skin: hand washing, not drying properly
37
Allergic contact dermatitis
Oozing skin blisters 24-48hrs after exposure: chemicals as Nitrile added in latex during harvesting, processing or manufacturing
38
Latex allergy
Mild to severe skin redness, hives, itching, difficulty breathing, coughing, wheezing, sneezing, runny nose, scratchy throat within minutes of contact
39
SOAP
Said-what she said when she arrived
Observe-what you observed about your client
Analysis-what you plan to do
Procedure-what you did
Tools, needle group, anesthetic, color, redness or swelling, aftercare, antibiotic, follow up appointment date, took photo
40
How large are the pigment granules that are deposited on to the skin?
5-6 microns
41
How far into the dermis is pigment deposited?
.5mm-1.8mm into the skin
42
Seborrhea
Excessive secretion of sebaceous glands
43
Comedones
Impacted sebum and keratinised epidermal cells in the hair follicle and show on the surface of the skin as a black dot
44
Acne Vulgaris
Inflammatory disorder of sebaceous glands in which microbes cause inflammation in the tissue causing papules, pustules, abscesses and cysts to form
45
Acne rosacea
Chronic inflammation of skin aggravated by extremes in temp, faulty elimination, alcohol and spicy foods
46
Milia
Accumulation of sebaceous matter beneath the skin; look like small white spot with an overcap of skin
47
Steatosis
Dry, scaly skin with no or partial deficiency of sebum; found from using certain soaps or washing powders
48
Bromidrosis or osmidrosis
Foul smelling perspiration
49
Anidrosis
Lack of perspiration from a fever or skin disease
50
Hyperidrosis
Excessive perspiration from excessive heat or body weakness
51
Miliaria rubra or prickly heat
Acute inflammatory disorder of sweat glands by eruption of small red vesicles and accompanied my burning and itching of skin
52
Basal cell layer
Birth cell layer of the epidermis; these cells go through a process of keratinisation and become stratum corneum
53
Epidermis
Replaced every 28-40 days through desquamation
54
Stratum corneum
Horny outer layer of epidermis; keratinized cells continually replaced
55
Stratum lucidum
Small transparent cells which light can pass through (soles of feet and palms)
56
Four stages of tissue repair
Coagulation, inflammation, regeneration, maturation
57
Coagulation
Platelets gather to form a clot, it will crust over into a scab
58
Inflammation
Destroys bacteria releasing histamine, serotonin, and bradykinin which create blood flow to injured tissue
59
Reconstruction
Basal cell layer divides and grows
60
Maturation
As tissue strengthens the tissue reorganizes over the years
61
Why pigment doesn't stay #1
If it sits in basal layer and above it will disappear 3-10 days as it exfoliates
62
Why pigment doesn't stay #2
Constant exposure to UV light; the lighter the skin, the more fading
63
Why pigment doesn't stay #3
Body's natural defense system influences pigment retention and lymphatic system tries to remove it
64
Why pigment doesn't stay #4
Poor aftercare
65
Why pigment doesn't stay #5
Influenced by skin type and condition
66
Bulla
Large blister containing watery fluid
67
Crust
Scab; an accumulation of serum and pus mixed with epidermal materiel (scab)
68
Excoriation
Sore or abrasion from scratching
69
Fissure
Crack in skin penetrating the dermis
70
Hemotoma
Collection of blood under the skin
71
stratum granulosum
cells undergoing change into a horny substance called keratin
72
stratum spinosum
cells that are in the early stages of keratinisation
73
dermis
sensitive and vascular layer of connective tissue with numerous blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerves, sweat glands, oil glands, hair follicles, erector pili muscles and papillae
74
papillary layer
beneath the epidermis of loosely woven connective tissue with cone-shaped projections of elastic tissue that point upward into the epidermis; projections called papillae
75
reticular layer
tightly woven connective tissue that gives support and structure to the skin
76
matrix
consists of water and a class of molecules called proteoglycans which react instantly to external pressures
77
subcutaneous tissue
fatty layer below dermis and gives smoothness and contour to the body
78
why pigment doesn't stay in the skin
```
#1- surface skin exfoliates and takes away some of the pigment
#2- exposure to UV light, light skin color,
#3- lymphatic system attempts to remove foreign matter
#4- poor aftercare
#5- skin type and general condition of the skin
```
79
Lesion
Structural change in the skin caused by injury or disease
80
Crust
Scab; accumulation of serum and pus mixed with epidermal material
81
Cyst
Closed sac or pouch containing fluid or semi solid material
82
Ecchymosis
Purplish, macular patch caused by hemorrhages in the skin (bruises)
83
Fissure
Crack in the skin penetrating into the dermis
84
Hemotoma
Collection of blood under the skin
85
Keloid
Abnormally raised thick scar that forms after trauma due to over proliferation of collagen cells
86
Macule
Small discolored spot or patch on skin
87
Papule
Elevated pimple with redness and inflammation
88
Pruritus
Itching by allergic reactions or irritations
89
Petechia with
Small, pinpoint hemorrhages
90
Purpura
Merging Ecchymosis and petechia on body
91
Scale
Accumulation of epidermal flakes dry or greasy
92
Scar
"Cicatrix" healing after an injury has penetrated the dermal layer
93
Tubercle
Large bump that projects surface or lies under the skin. Size of pea to a walnut
94
Tumor
External swelling varying in size, shape and color
95
Ulcer
Open sore or erosion accompanied by puss and loss of skin depth
96
Vesicle
Blister containing clear fluid just below epidermis from burns, allergic reactions and dermatitis
97
Wheal
Itchy, swollen lesion lasting a few hours
98
Seborrhea
Excessive secretion of sebaceous gland
99
Comedones
Blackheads; impacted sebum and keratinised epidermal cells in hair follicle
100
Acne rosacea
Chronic inflammation of skin; dilated blood vessels and formation of pustules and papules aggravated by extremes in temperature, faulty elimination, alcohol and spicy foods
101
Milia
Accumulation of sebaceous matter beneath the skin; small white spot with over cap of skin
102
Steatosis
Dry, scaly skin from absolute or partial deficiency of sebum due to some bodily disorders
103
Bromidrosis or osmidrosis
Foul smelling perspiration
104
Anidrosis
Lack of perspiration resulting in fever or skin diseases
105
Hyperidrosis
Excessive perspiration caused by excessive heat or general body weakness
106
Miliaria rubra or prickly heat
Acute inflammatory disorder of sweat glands with an eruption of small red vesicles with a burning or itching of skin
107
Eczema
Inflammation, redness, dryness, itching, weeping and crusting skin caused by allergies
108
Contact dermatitis
Inflammatory condition similar to eczema but due to physical and chemical reactions of the skin
109
Psoriasis
Inflammatory disorder, hereditary, red lesions, silver scales
110
Urticaria
Hives lasting 1-6 hours and itch, burn or sting
111
Impetigo
Bacterial inflammatory skin disease with vesicles, pustules and crusted over lesions
112
Systemic lupus erythematosus
AutoImmune disorder affecting only females and not contagious. Fatigue, joint pain, rash in a butterfly shape across nose and cheeks. Can affect kidneys, joints, nervous system, skin and mucous membranes
113
Lentigines
Freckles due to exposure of sunlight
114
Stains
Abnormal, brown, irregular shaped skin patches; color due to blood pigmentation. Occur after disappearance of moles, freckles, and liver spots
115
Malasma
Increased deposits of pigment in the skin on forehead, nose, cheeks, and backs of hands "liver spots"
116
Naevus
Birthmarks; malformations due to pigmentation or dials yes capillaries
117
Leukoderma
White skin caused from trauma like a burn by destroying pigment cells
118
Vitiligo
Pigment cells destroyed resulting in white patches
119
Albinism
Absence of melanin pigment
120
Keratoma
Callous is a round, thickened patch of epidermis caused by pressure friction
121
Moles
Growths of various sizes and shapes ranging in color from pale tan to bluish-black
122
Basal cell carcinoma
Smooth, shiny, fleshy nodule on head, neck or hands
123
Squamous cell cancer
Nodules that are red, scaly, plate like patches that are sharply outlined on face, ear or lips
124
Melanoma
Dark brown or black mole with irregular borders and pigmentation
125
Verruca
Wart caused by a virus and is infectious
126
Alopecia areata
Disorder causing baldness in spots caused by poor circulation, improper nourishment, some drugs, skin diseases as ring worm or dermatitis
127
Tinea
Infection on the skin caused by a fungus as ringworm and athletes foot; scaling, Pruritus and red patches
128
Hepatitis
Inflammation or infection of the liver; nausea, stomach pains, a honest, loss of appetite, constant fatigue, skin has yellow tinge
129
Hepatitis A
Spread by eating or drinking food contaminated by feces
130
Hepatitis B
Transmitted through blood, saliva, shared needles, sex and from birth
131
Hepatitis C
Found in blood and saliva
132
Hepatitis D
Only those with B can contract D
133
Hepatitis E
Transmitted via feces contaminated food and drink
134
Herpes
Lays dormant in the nervous system until immune system is compromised by stressors
135
Tuberculosis
Affects the lungs; transmitted by inhalation of infected droplet nuclei
136
Acute disease
Symptoms of less violent character and short duration
137
Adverse effect
Sensitivity to things applied to skin or ingested
138
Allergy
Itchy, redness, swelling, blisters, weeping and scaling
139
Antabuse
Drug that causes adverse reactions to pigment
140
Anemia
Deficiency of hemoglobin
141
Antigens
Substance that can trigger an immune response resulting in production of antibodies
142
Antiseptic
Chemicals applied to destroy bacteria and other microorganisms
143
Arrhythmic heart
Alteration in rhythm of heartbeat
144
Autoclave
Method of sterilization
145
Blepharoplasty
Excess fat and skin removed from lower or upper eyelash line
146
Botox and collagen
Wait 6-7 weeks for cosmetics to be done
147
Brow lift
2 months before application of permanent cosmetics
148
Bruise or bleed easily
Doctors consent; could indicate underlying health problem
149
Cancer
Abnormal and uncontrollable division of cells. Doctors consent required
150
Carbon black
.03 microns (10-20 times smaller than Iran oxide pigment)
151
Chemical or laser peel
May cause prolonged inflammation, and could lighten pigments
152
Chronic disease
Long duration and re-occurring
153
Circulatory problems
Will have problems with healing process
154
Collagen and fat injections
Will not accept pigment as readily
155
Color additive
Material that is a dye
156
Color consultation
Details of proper color scheming
157
Color key I
Cool, winter and summer
158
Color key II
Warm, spring and autumn
159
Congenital disease
Present at birth
160
Conjunctiva
Mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelid and continues over the fore part of the eyeball
161
Contact lenses
Removed prior to procedure; don't wear the day after procedure
162
Cornea abrasions
Don't allow pigment or anesthetic to seep into eye
163
Corneal
Transparent part of the coat of the eyeball that covers the iris and pupil, admits light into the interior
164
Corrugator muscle
Raises the eyebrows
165
Cortisone
Thins the skin and creates problems for healing
166
Cosmetic
Applied to the body for cleansing, beautifying or altering appearance
167
Dermatology
Study of skin, it's nature, structure, functions, diseases and treatment
168
Dermapigmentology
Study of implanting pigment into the dermis
169
Diabetes
Poor wound healing, medical release required by doctor
170
Diagnosis
Recognition of a disease by its symptoms
171
Diplococci
Bacteria that occur in pairs, are parasitic and include serious pathogens
172
Edema
Abnormal accumulation of serum like fluid in body tissue
173
Epidermis layer
Outer non-sensitive and non-vascular layer of skin
174
Epilepsy
Chronic nervous disorder suffering muscle spasms and may lose consciousness
175
Epinephrine
Heart stimulant to help stop bleeding during a procedure
176
Etiology
Study of the causes of disease
177
Ethyl chlorine chloride
Flammable gaseous or volatile liquid compound used as a local surface aesthetic
178
Eye loupe
Jeweller's magnifying glass
179
Eyelid margin
Edge of eyelid above lower lashes
180
Eyelash or eyebrow tint
1-2 weeks before application of permanent cosmetics
181
Facelift
Wait 3 months before permanent cosmetics with no signs of bruising or swelling
182
Formaldehyde
Colorless, pungent, irritative used as disinfectant and preservative
183
Formalin
Solution of formaldehyde containing a small amount of methanol
184
Fumigant
Substance used in disinfecting
185
Germicide
Agent that destroys germs
186
Germs
Micro-organism causing disease
187
Glaucoma
Written approval from Doctor before permanent cosmetics applied
188
Goretex implants
6mo-1year before permanent cosmetics
189
Hemophilia
Delayed clotting of the blood, medical approval
190
Hemotoma formation
Formation of tumor or swelling containing blood
191
High blood pressure
Medical approval
192
hue
Gradation, tint or variety of color
193
Hydrogen peroxide
Antiseptic
194
Hyper pigmentation
Black and dark skins resulting from past injury to the skin which has permanently blemished the skin
195
Hypertension
Can get gritty or puffy eyes; relax the client
196
Hypodermis layer
3rd layer of tissue
197
India ink
Pigment of lampblack mixed with glue used to tattoo markings on skin during radiation therapy; turns tattoo blue
198
Inferior cul-de-sac
Conjunctiva area
199
Inferior palpebra
Lower eyelid
200
Inject
To force fluid into passage, cavity or tissue
201
Iron oxide
Iron combined with oxygen used to color cosmetics
202
Keloid scars
Thick raised tissue under the skin, tender to the touch
203
Keratin
Compound containing fibrous proteins that form the basis of horny epidermal tissues
204
Kidney disease
Written approval
205
Lesion
Abnormal change in structure of an organ due to injury or disease
206
Lidocaine
Local anesthetic
207
Local aneaesthetic
Loss of sensation to one specific area
208
Lupus
Disease characterized by skin lesions affecting skin, joints, heart, lungs, and kidneys
209
Maceration
Breakdown of solid substances of tissue
210
Melanin
Dark pigment in the skin that gives it color
211
Microdermabrasion
Light- wait time 2 weeks
Medium- 2-3 weeks
Heavy- 1 month with no sign of redness
212
Micro-pigmentation
Minute pigment granules inserted mechanically with needles into the dermis
213
Mullers muscle
One of the six layers of the eyelid
214
Mycitracin
Topical antibiotic
215
Olive skin
Blend of blue and yellow which gives skin a green cast; winter palate
216
Orbicularis oculi muscle
Muscle that circles the eye
217
OSHA
Occupational safety and health administration
218
Papillary layer
Upper layer of the dermis
219
Parasitic disease
Produced by disease causing bacteria; staphylococcus and streptococcus
220
Pigment
Dry insoluble substance that when suspended in a liquid becomes paint
221
Polysporin
Topical triple antibiotic
222
Port wine hemangioma
Benign tumor of blood vessels that are purple or red and slightly elevated from the skin
223
Prognosis
Foretelling of the probable course of a disease
224
Prolonged bleeding
Can reduce pigment retention
225
Protruding veins
Small deep ones ok; avoid protruding ones
226
Pulse due laser
Used to remove vascular lesions
227
Punctum
Opening point of tear duct
228
Reticular layer
Lower layer of dermal layer
229
Retin A/ Renova
Cause irritation, inflammation and decreased pigment absorption
230
Rheumatic fever
Causes migratory arthritis often involving the heart
231
RK or Laser
Surgical corrections for vision. Wait 8-12 weeks
232
Ruby laser
Removes dark pigment and tattoos
233
Saprophytes
Plant living on dead or decaying organs matter
234
Scleroderma
Disease of the skin with thickening and hardening of subcutaneous tissues
235
Shade
Degree of darkness of a color
236
Skin scribe
Surgical ink marker
237
Sodium hypochlorite
Used as bleaching and disinfecting agent
238
Spirilla
Long curved flagellate bacterial
239
Staphylococci
Grouped in clusters found in pustules and boils
240
Sterile
Free from living organisms and microorganisms
241
Sterilization
Destruction of germs
242
Steroid antibiotic
Anti-inflammatory drug
243
Stratum corneum
Horny layer of skin
244
Stratum germinativum
Deepest layer of epidermis
245
Stratum gradulosum
Granular layer of skin
246
Stratum lucidum
Clear layer of the skin
247
Stratum mucosa
Mucous or malpighian layer of skin
248
Streptococci
Pus-forming bacteria that arrange in curved lines resembling a string of beads, found in blood poisoning
249
Subcutaneous layer
Fatty purr beneath the skin
250
Subcutaneous tissue
Fatty tissue beneath the skin
251
Tanning beds
Will fade pigment slightly; people who tan easily can have hyperpigmentation; sometimes it fades on its own over a few months
252
Principles of Art and Design
```
Proportion
Balance
Emphasis
Rhythm
Unity
```
253
Principles of Art and Design
```
Proportion
Balance
Emphasis
Rhythm
Unity
```
254
5 Layers of the Cornea
```
Epithelium
Bowman's membrane
Stroma
Descendent membrane
Endothelium
```
