Terms 上

Question 1

Compound pier (cluster pier)

Answer 1

A pier with a group, or cluster, of attached shafts, or responds, especially characteristic of gothic architecture.

Question 2

Perpendicular style

Answer 2

An English Late Gothic style of architecture distinguished by the pronounced verticality of its decorative details.

Question 3

Rayonnant

Answer 3

The “radiant” style of Gothic architecture, dominant in the second half of the 13th century and associated with the French royal court of Louis IX at Paris.

Question 4

scholasticism

Answer 4

The Gothic school of philosophy in which scholars applied Aristotle’s system of rational inquiry to the interpretation of religious belief.

Question 5

altarpiece

Answer 5

祭坛装饰品A panel, painted or sculpted, situated above and behind an altar. See also retable.

Question 6

crenellations

Answer 6

Alternating solid merlons and open crenels in the notched tops of walls, as in battlements.

Question 7

flamboyant

Answer 7

A Late French Gothic style of architecture superseding the Rayonnant style and named for the flamelike appearance of its pointed bar tracery.

Question 8

fleurs-de-lis

Answer 8

A three-petaled iris flower; the royal flower of France.

Question 9

diagonal rib

Answer 9

A relatively slender, molded masonry arch that projects from a surface. In Gothic architecture, the ribs form the framework of the vaulting. A diagonal rib is one of the ribs that form the X of a groin vault. A transverse rib crosses the nave or aisle at a 90-degree angle.

Question 10

lux nova

Answer 10

Latin, “new light.” Abbot Suger’s term for the light that enters a Gothic church through stained-glass windows.

Question 11

cartography

Answer 11

The art of mapmaking.

Question 12

rose window

Answer 12

A circular stained-glass window.

Question 13

indulgences

Answer 13

豁免A religious pardon for a sin committed.

Question 14

gothic

Answer 14

Originally a derogatory term named after the Goths, used to describe the history, culture, and art of western Europe in the 12th to 14th centuries. Typically divided into periods designated Early (1140–1194), High (1194–1300), and Late (1300–1500).

Question 15

transverse rib

Answer 15

A relatively slender, molded masonry arch that projects from a surface. In Gothic architecture, the ribs form the framework of the vaulting. A diagonal rib is one of the ribs that form the X of a groin vault. A transverse rib crosses the nave or aisle at a 90-degree angle.

Question 16

guilds

Answer 16

协会An association of merchants, craftspersons, or scholars in medieval and Renaissance Europe.

Question 17

chiarosuro

Answer 17

明暗对照法In drawing or painting, the treatment and use of light and dark, especially the gradations of light that produce the effect of modeling.

Question 18

maniera greca

Answer 18

Italian, “Greek manner.” The Italo-Byzantine painting style of the 13th century.

Question 19

stigmata

Answer 19

烙印In Christian art, the wounds Christ received at his crucifixion that miraculously appear on the body of a saint.

Question 20

piazza

Answer 20

Italian, “plaza.”

Question 21

international gothic

Answer 21

A style of 14th- and 15th-century painting begun by Simone Martini, who fused the French Gothic manner with Sienese art. This style appealed to the aristocracy贵族 because of its brilliant color, lavish costumes, intricate ornamentation, and themes involving splendid processions of knights and ladies.

Question 22

humanism

Answer 22

In the Renaissance, an emphasis on education and on expanding knowledge (especially of classical antiquity), the exploration of individual potential and a desire to excel, and a commitment to civic responsibility and moral duty.

Question 23

cartoon

Answer 23

草图In painting, a full-size preliminary drawing from which a painting is made.

Question 24

grisaille

Answer 24

灰色装饰画A monochrome painting done mainly in neutral grays to simulate sculpture.

Question 25

duomo

Answer 25

大教堂Italian, “cathedral.”

Question 26

buon fresco

Answer 26

Painting on lime plaster, either dry (dry fresco, or fresco secco) or wet (true, or buon, fresco). In the latter method, the pigments are mixed with water and become chemically bound to the freshly laid lime plaster. Also, a painting executed in either method.

Question 27

palazzo pubblico

Answer 27

Italian, “public palace.” City hall.

Question 28

campanile

Answer 28

钟楼A bell tower of a church, usually, but not always, freestanding.

Question 29

classical

Answer 29

The art and culture of ancient Greece between 480 and 323 bce. Lowercase classical refers more generally to Greco-Roman art and culture.

Question 30

ogee arches

Answer 30

An arch composed of two double-curving lines meeting at a point.

Question 31

gold leaf

Answer 31

Gold beaten into tissue-paper-thin sheets that then can be applied to surfaces.