Terms Flashcards
Variation
Difference between individuals which may be structural, functional or physiological
Gene
A part of a chromosome that is passed to offspring
Allele
A different form of the same gene sequence
Genotype
The genetic makeup of alleles for any given trait
Phenotype
The physical traits of an organism
Homologous chromosomes
A chromosome that contains the same sequence of genes as another chromosome (twins)
Karyotype
A photograph of pairs of homologous chromosomes in a cell
Oogenesis
Process of producing female gametes in mammals
Spermatogenesis
Process of producing male gametes in mammals
Crossing over
The exchange of chromosomal segments between a pair of homologous chromosomes
Independent assortment
During gamete formation the two alleles for one gene segregate independently of the alleles for other genes
Mutation
A permanent change in the genetic material of an organism. The only source of new genetic variation
Dominant
The form of a trait that always appears one present [uppercase letter]
Recessive
Only appears when an individual has two alleles for [little number]
Trait
A specific characteristic or feature exhibited by an organism
