terms 4

Question 1

Micro-level vs macro-level effects

Answer 1

micro: How media affect individuals
macro: hoe it affects society

Question 2

transmissional vs ritual perspective

Answer 2

transmissional: What does a specific message want us to do?
ritual: What cultural values do media convey?

Question 3

hypodermic needle theory

Answer 3

audience is passive

Question 4

Two-step theory

Answer 4

Media affect opinion leaders, who then influence others (opinion followers)

Question 5

Cognitive Dissonance

Answer 5

When people confront information that conflicts with what they think or believe, they feel uncomfortable

Question 6

selective exposure

Answer 6

people prefer to consume media that confirms their worldview

Question 7

Selective retention

Answer 7

people remember only what fits their worldview

Question 8

Selective reception

Answer 8

people interpret information in ways that confirm their worldview

Question 9

agenda setting

Answer 9

Media don’t tell us what to think but what to think about

Question 10

uses and gratifacations

Answer 10

People use media for their own purposes

Question 11

Inhibitory vs disinhibitory effects

Answer 11

Dis-inhibitory effects: Encourages audience to act recklessly (dis-inhibits people)
Inhibitory effects:Encourages audience to be more cautious (inhibits them from doing something)

Question 12

Bobo-doll experiment

Answer 12

Supports direct effects model, (imitation)
studied children’s behavior after watching an adult model act aggressively towards a Bobo doll, a toy that gets up by itself to a standing position when it is knocked down.

Question 13

Pro-social effects

Answer 13

Pro-social behavior that benefits another person or society as a whole

Question 14

Exceptions to 1st Amendment

Answer 14

libel/slander, child pornography, if it affects fair trade

Question 15

libel

Answer 15

written falsehood

Question 16

slander

Answer 16

spoken falsehood

Question 17

Obscenity

Answer 17

Would the average person, applying the contemporary community standards, viewing the work as a whole, find the work appeals to the prurient interest?
Does the work depict or describe sexual conduct in a patently offensive way?
Does the work taken as a whole lack serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value?

Question 18

Fairness doctrine

Answer 18

(1949-1987)
News used to have to cover multiple sides of an issue and give opposing sides equal time.
Ended during de-regulation of 1980s.

Question 19

Shield Law

Answer 19

Journalists don’t have to give up their sources.

Many states have shield laws, but currently there is no federal shield law.

Question 20

Ombudsman

Answer 20

practitioners within the company who serve as judges in disputes between the public and the company

Question 21

public domain

Answer 21

Once copyright has expired, material becomes part of the public domain.

Question 22

copyright

Answer 22

ownership of a piece of expression

Question 23

Fair use

Answer 23

non-commercial use
Limited amounts
Does not devalue original
Use in the public interest

Question 24

Right to be forgotten

Answer 24

u want all info about u erased