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Conducting > Terms 2A > Flashcards

Terms 2A Flashcards

1
Q

maestoso

A

majestically

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2
Q

marcato

A

emphasized, heavily accented

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3
Q

medesimo

A

the same

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4
Q

mediant

A

the third degree of the major or minor scale. the triad built on this degree is labeled iii in the major scale, III in the minor scale, and III+ in the harmonic scale.

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5
Q

medieval

A

the period prior to the Renaissance, c. 500-1450, marking the music of the early Christian church

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6
Q

melody

A

a succession of musical tones. It represents the linear or horizontal aspect of music.

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7
Q

meno mosso

A

less motion

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8
Q

mezzo

A

half, medium

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9
Q

mezzo forte

A

medium loud

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10
Q

mezzo piano

A

medium soft

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11
Q

mode

A

any scalewise arrangement of pitches; patterns upon which medieval music was structured, the patterns which preceded the development of major and minor scales and tonality

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12
Q

moderato

A

moderate speed

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13
Q

modulation

A

the process of changing from one key to another within a composition

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14
Q

molto

A

very; used with other terms e.g. molto allegro

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15
Q

mordent

A

an ornament consisting of an alteration (once or twice) of the written note by playing the immediately below it, or above it.

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16
Q

morendo

A

gradually decreasing in volume, dying away

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17
Q

motive

A

a short melodic or rhythmic pattern

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18
Q

moto

A

motion. con moto, with motion

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19
Q

nonharmonic tones

A

a designation for tones outside the harmonic structure of the chord. passing tone, appoggiatura

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20
Q

non troppo

A

not too much

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21
Q

nuance

A

subtle variations in tempo, phrasing, dynamics

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22
Q

octet

A

a piece for eight instruments or voices

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23
Q

open fifth

A

a triad without a third

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24
Q

open strings

A

strings are not stopped, fingered, or fretted

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25
Q

opus op

A

the term, meaning work, is used by composers to show the chronological order of their work

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26
Q

orchestration

A

the art of writing, arranging, or scoring for the orchestra

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27
Q

ornamentation

A

note or notes added to the original melodic line for embellishment and add interest

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28
Q

ossia

A

“or” indicating an alternative passage or version

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29
Q

ostinato

A

a repeated melodic or rhythmic pattern, frequently appearing in the bass line

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30
Q

overtones

A

the almost inaudible higher tones which occur with the fundamental tone. They are the results of the vibration of small sections of a string or column of air. Partials and harmonics.

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31
Q

passing tones

A

unaccented notes which move conjunctly between two chords to which they do not belong harmonically

32
Q

pesante

A

heavy

33
Q

petite

A

little

34
Q

phrase

A

a relatively short portion of a melodic line which expresses a musical idea, comparable to a line or sentence in poetry

35
Q

pianoforte

A

“soft-loud” a keyboard instrument, the full name for the piano, on which sound is produced by hammers striking strings when keys are pressed. 88 keys

36
Q

picardy third

A

term for raising of the third, making a major triad, in the final chord of a composition which is in a minor key.

37
Q

piu

A

more

38
Q

pizzicato

A

pinched. on string instruments, plucking the string

39
Q

poco

A

little

40
Q

primo

A

first

41
Q

quartet

A

a piece for four instruments or voices. four performers

42
Q

rallentando

A

gradually slower

43
Q

renaissance

A

1450-1600

44
Q

resonance

A

reinforcement and intensification of sound by vibrations

45
Q

rhythm

A

term which denotes the organization of sound in time; the temporal quality of sound

46
Q

rubato

A

flexibility of tempo to assist in achieving expressiveness

47
Q

rudiments

A

on drums, the basis sticking patterns

48
Q

sans

A

without

49
Q

schnell

A

fast

50
Q

secco

A

dry. unornamented

51
Q

sempre

A

always

52
Q

senza

A

without. used with other terms e.g. senza crescendo

53
Q

sforzando

A

sudden strong accent on a note or chord

54
Q

simile

A

an indication to continue in the same manner

55
Q

sonata

A

an instrumental piece, often in several movements

56
Q

sostenuto

A

sustaining of tone or slackening of tempo

57
Q

spiccato

A

on string instruments, a bowing technique wherein the bow is bounced on the string at moderate speed

58
Q

staccato

A

detached sounds, indicated by a dot over or under a note. the opposite of legato

59
Q

stanza

A

a selection of a son, two or more lines long, characterized by a common meter, rhyme, and number of lines

60
Q

subdominant

A

the fourth degree of the major or minor scale. Also, the name of the triad built on the fourth degree of the scale, indicated by IV in a major key and by iv in a minor key

61
Q

subito

A

suddenly

62
Q

suspension

A

the use of a nonharmonic tone to delay the resolution of a chord, frequently as it occurs

63
Q

syncopation

A

accent on an unexpected beat

64
Q

tempo primo

A

return to the original tempo

65
Q

tenuto, ten

A

hold or sustain a note longer than the indicated value, usually not as long a duration as the fermata

66
Q

ternary form

A

three part form in which the middle section is different from the other sections. ABA

67
Q

terraced dynamics

A

the baroque style of using sudden changes in dynamic levels, as opposed to gradual increase and decrease in volume

68
Q

tertian harmony

A

a term used to describe music based on chords arranged in intervals of thirds

69
Q

tessitura

A

the general pitch range of a vocal part

70
Q

tranquillo

A

tranquilly; quietly; calm

71
Q

troppo

A

too much. used with other terms e.g. allegro non troppo not too fast

72
Q

tutti

A

all. a direction for the entire ensemble to sing or play simultaneously

73
Q

unison

A

singing or playing the same notes by all singers or players, either at exactly the same pitch or in a different octave

74
Q

un poco

A

a little

75
Q

virtuoso

A

a brillant, skillful performer

76
Q

vivace

A

lively, brisk, quick, and bright

Conducting (4 decks)

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