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Conducting > Terms 1 > Flashcards

Terms 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Accelerando, accel

A

Gradually faster

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2
Q

Accent

A

> placed above a note to indicate stress or emphasis

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3
Q

Accidental

A

A sharp, flat, or natural not included in the given key

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4
Q

Adagio

A

Slow, slower than andante, faster than largo

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5
Q

Al coda

A

To the coda

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6
Q

Aleatory or aleatoric music

A

Chance music in which the performers are free to perform their own material and/or their own manner of presentation

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7
Q

Al fine

A

To the end

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8
Q

Alla breve

A

Cut time; meter in which there are two beats in each measure and a half note receives one beat

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9
Q

Allargando, allarg

A

Showing of tempo, usually with increasing volume; most frequently occurs toward the end of a piece

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10
Q

Allegretto

A

Slower than allegro

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11
Q

Al segno

A

Return to the sign, dal segno

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12
Q

Alteration

A

The raising or lowering of a note by means of an accidental

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13
Q

Andante

A

Moderate tempo

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14
Q

Andantino

A

Slightly faster than andante

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15
Q

A niente

A

To nothing, e.g. to ppp

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16
Q

Animato

A

Animated; lively

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17
Q

Augmentation

A

Compositional technique in which a melodic line is repeated in longer note values. The opposite of diminution.

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18
Q

Bitonality

A

The occurrence of two different tonalities at the same time

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19
Q

Cadence

A

A chordal or melodic progression which occurs at the close of a phrase, section, or composition, giving a feeling of repose; a temporary or permanent ending. The most frequently used cadence are perfect, plagal, and deceptive.

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20
Q

Cadenza

A

A solo passage, often virtuosic, usually mean the end of a piece, either written by the composer or improvised by the performer

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21
Q

Caesura

A

A sudden silencing of the sound; a pause or break, indicated by the following symbol: //

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22
Q

Canon

A

The strictest form of imitation, in which two or more parts have the same melody but start at different points

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23
Q

Canonic

A

A term used to describe a polyphonic style of music in which all the parts have the same melody but which start at different times

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24
Q

Cantabile

A

In signing style

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25
Q

Chance music

A

Aleatoric music

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26
Q

Chorale

A

Hymn-like song, characterized by blocked chords

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27
Q

Chord

A

A combination of three or more tones sounded simultaneously

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28
Q

Chromatic

A

Ascending or descending by half steps

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29
Q

Coda

A

Closing section of a composition. An added ending.

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30
Q

Con

A

With

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31
Q

Con brio

A

With spirit; vigorously

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32
Q

Con calore

A

With warmth

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33
Q

Con moto

A

With motion

34
Q

Consonance

A

Intervallic relationships which produce sounds of repose. Frequently associated with octave, third and sixth intervals; however, fourths and fifths may be sounds of consonance, as in both early and 20th century music

35
Q

Consort

A

A 17th century term for instrumental chamber ensembles and for the compositions written for these ensembles

36
Q

Con spirito

A

With spirit

37
Q

Crescendo

A

Gradually louder

38
Q

Cue

A

Indication by the conductor or a spoke word or gesture for a performer to make an entry. Small notes that indicate another performer’s part. Music occurrence in a film.

39
Q

Cut time

A

2/2 meter

40
Q

Espressivo

A

Expressively

41
Q

Key signature

A

The sharps or flats placed at the beginning of the staff to denote the scale upon which the music is based

42
Q

Da capo, D.C.

A

Return to the beginning

43
Q

Dal Segno

A

Repeat from the sign. Frequently followed by al Fine.

44
Q

Deceptive cadence

A

Chordal progression dominant (V) to a chord other than the expected tonic.

45
Q

Decrescendo

A

Gradually softer. Synonymous with diminuendo.

46
Q

Diminished

A

The term for an interval which has been decreased from the major by two half steps and from the perfect by on half step eg c-abb, diminished sixth or c-gb, a diminished fifth. Also used for a triad which has a minor and a diminished fifth

47
Q

Diminuendo, dim

A

Gradually softer. Synonymous with diminuendo.

48
Q

Diminution

A

The shortening of note values; the opposite of augmentation.

49
Q

Dissonance

A

Sounds of unrest e.g. intervals of seconds and sevenths; the opposite of consonance

50
Q

Divisi, div

A

An indication of divided musical parts

51
Q

Dolce

A

Sweetly

52
Q

Dolcissimo

A

Very sweetly

53
Q

Doloroso

A

Sadly; mournfully

54
Q

Dominant

A

The fifth degree of the major or minor scale. Also, the term for the triad built on the fifth degree, labeled V in harmonic analysis

55
Q

Double bar

A

Two vertical lines placed on the staff to indicate the end of a section or a composition. Also, used with two dots to enclose repeated sections.

56
Q

Enharmonic

A

A term used to describe notes of the same pitch which have different names

57
Q

Dynamics

A

Varying degrees of loud and soft

58
Q

Fine

A

The end

59
Q

First ending

A

One or more measures which occur at the end of the stanza or stanzas

60
Q

Form

A

The design or structure of a musical composition

61
Q

Forte

A

Loud

62
Q

Fortissimo

A

Very loud

63
Q

Giocoso

A

Playful

64
Q

Giubilante

A

Exultant, jubilant

65
Q

Glissando, gliss.

A

The rapid scale achieved by sliding the nail of the thumb or third finger over the white keys of the piano. Commonly used in playing harp. For bowed instruments glissando indicates a flowing, unaccented playing of a passage.

66
Q

Grandioso

A

Grandiose, majestic

67
Q

Grand pause

A

A rest for the entire ensemble

68
Q

Half step

A

The interval from one pitch to the immediately adjacent pitch, ascending or descending. The smallest interval on the keyboard.

69
Q

Harmony

A

The sounding of two or more times simultaneously; the vertical aspect of music.

70
Q

Hemiola

A

The term applied to time values in the ratio of 3:2 eg three half notes in place of two dotted half notes.

71
Q

Homophony, homophonic

A

Musical texture which is characterized by chordal support of a melodic line

72
Q

Instrumentation

A

There art of composing, orchestrating, or arranging for an instrumental ensemble

73
Q

Interval

A

The difference in pitch between two tones

74
Q

Inversion

A

As applied to music the term may be used in both melody and harmony. Melodic inversion: an exchange of ascending and descending movement eg c up to f in descending becomes c down to g. Harmonic inversion: the position of the chord is changed from root position to first inversion with the third, or second inversion, with the fifth in the lowest voice.

75
Q

Key signature

A

The Sharps or flats placed at the beginning of the staff to denote the scale upon which the music is based

76
Q

Largamente

A

Broadly

77
Q

Larghetto

A

Slower than largo

78
Q

Largo

A

Very slow

79
Q

Leading tone

A

The seventh degree of the major scale, so called because of its strong tendency to resolve upward to the tonic

80
Q

Ledger lines

A

Short lines placed above and below the staff for pitches beyond the range of the staff

81
Q

Legato

A

Smooth, connected

82
Q

Lento

A

Slow; slightly faster than largo, slower than adagio

Conducting (4 decks)

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