Terms 2

Question 1

Protein

Answer 1

Large biomolecules or macromolecules consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Does most of the work in cells required for the structure function and regulation of the bodies tissues and organs.consist of eight essential and 12 nonessential amino acids.

Question 2

Lipids

Answer 2

Store energy, signal and act as structural components of cell membranes. Molecules that contain hydrocarbons and make up the building blocks of the structure and function of living cells; a group of naturally occurring molecules that includes fats, waxes sterols and fat soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D, E, K) monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, phospholipids.

Question 3

Triglycerides

Answer 3

Main constituents of natural fats and oils. High concentrations in the blood indicate elevated risk of stroke. 9 calories per gram - most concentrated source of energy in diet.

Question 4

Water-Soluble Vitamins

Answer 4

Can dissolve in water. Carried to the body’s tissues but not stored in the body. Found in plant and animal foods or dietary supplements and must be taken daily. Vitamin C and B.

Question 5

Fat-soluble vitamins

Answer 5

Vitamins that are soluble in fats or lipids, usually absorbed in fat globules that travel through the lymphatic system of small intestine and into general blood circulation within body. Stored in body tissues. Vitamins a and E.

Question 6

RDA of sodium

Answer 6

Recommended dietary allowance for sodium is average intake level of what you should be getting from your diet daily. No more than 2300 mg daily or 1500 if you’re older than 51 or black or have high blood pressure, diabetes or chronic kidney disease

Question 7

Amino Acids

Answer 7

Create protein molecules. Eight essential provided by diet, 12 nonessential synthesized by body. All 20 required for proper nutrition

Question 8

Basal metabolism

Answer 8

Minimum amount of energy required by body to maintain essential body functions (temperature, muscle tone, respiration)

Question 9

Cholesterol

Answer 9

A compound of the sterol type found in most body tissues, including blood and nerves. Important constituent of cell membranes. High concentrations in blood promote atherosclerosis

Question 10

Glycogen

Answer 10

Polysaccharide that is principal storage form of glucose in cells

Question 11

Incomplete Proteins

Answer 11

Low or lacking in one or more of the amino acid needed to build cells. Found in plant foods and can be mixed together to make a complete protein

Question 12

HDL LDL recommended levels

Answer 12

HDL should be above 40 for men and above 50 women; above 60 is excellent. LDL should be less than 130.

Question 13

Trans Fats

Answer 13

A type of unsaturated fat. Created in an industrial process that adds hydrogen to liquid vegetable oils to make them more solid. Commonly found in processed food and labeled as partially hydrogenated oil.

Question 14

Saturated Fats

Answer 14

Saturated with hydrogen atoms. The more saturated it is the more solid it is at room temperature.

Question 15

Unsaturated Fats

Answer 15

Missing hydrogen atoms. Less solid at room temp. Omega-3 and omega-6

Question 16

Polysaccharide

Answer 16

Long chains of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds. Three important types (starch glycogen and cellulose) are composed of glucose.

Question 17

Recommended daily protein intake

Answer 17

approximately 60 gm daily. 10 to 12% of child’s caloric intake it. 4 cal per gram of energy.

Question 18

Antioxidants

Answer 18

Reduce cellular damage by binding free radicals during oxidation.

Question 19

BMI

Answer 19

A measure of body fat based on height and weight.

Question 20

Fiber Sources

Answer 20

Beans, whole grains, brown rice, popcorn, nuts, baked potato with skin, berries, bran cereal, oatmeal, vegetables.

Question 21

Self-Esteem

Answer 21

Reflects a persons overall subjective emotional evaluation of his or her own worth. It is a judgment of oneself as well as an attitude towards the self

Question 22

Generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 22

Severe ongoing anxiety that interferes with daily activities

Question 23

Adaptive Response

Answer 23

A natural emotion that occurs in response to danger and prepares an organism to cope with the environment playing a critical role in its survival.

Question 24

General Adaptation Syndrome

Answer 24

The bodies short term and long term reactions to stress

Question 25

Activities of daily living (ADLs)

Answer 25

Routine activities that people tend to do every day without meeting the systems: eating bathing dressing toileting transferring (walking) and continence

Question 26

Fight or flight response

Answer 26

A physiological reaction that occurs in response to a perceived harmful event, attack, or threat to survival

Question 27

Cortisol

Answer 27

The stress hormone. Influences, regulates or modulates many of the changes that occur in the body in response to stress. Essential to the maintenance of homeostasis

Question 28

Emotional health

Answer 28

Being in control of emotions and behavior. Being happy self-confident self-aware and resilient. Handle life’s in evitable challenges, build strong relationships, and lead productive, fulfilling lives.

Question 29

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 29

Branch of autonomic nervous system responsible for slowing system stimulated by the stress response (relaxation)

Question 30

Self efficacy

Answer 30

The extent or strength of one’s belief in one’s own ability to complete tasks and reach goals

Question 31

Anorexia

Answer 31

An eating disorder characterized by an abnormally low bodyweight, intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted perception of body weight

Question 32

Bulimia

Answer 32

A serious eating disorder marked by binging, followed by methods to avoid weight gain, such as purging