Terms 1 Flashcards
Amphetamines
Uppers, stimulants. Legitimate and useful medical applications, but often abused. Example Ritalin for ADHD. Adderall for obesity, ADHD and narcolepsy.
Ecstasy
MDMA. Club drug often used at all night dance parties (raves). Stimulant that increases heart rate and blood pressure and can lead to heart or kidney failure; regular use produces long-lasting, perhaps permanent, damage to your brains ability to think and store memories.
Hallucinogens
Substances that occur naturally or produce synthetically that distort user’s perception of reality; cause sensory illusions that make it difficult to distinguish fact from fantasy. Example: LSD, peyote, PCP.
Barbiturates
Historically represented one of nations biggest drug abuse problems. Generally known as downers, often taken as a way of escaping problems of daily living. Effects range from person feeling drowsy, uninhibited, and intoxicated to intoxication and staggering as if drunk, slurred speech, confused.
Nicotine
Found in tobacco. Potent parasympathetic alkaloid, stimulant drug, addictive. Associated with cardiovascular disease, potential birth defects, and poisoning. Associated with cancer.
Suppositories
Drug delivery system inserted into rectum, vagina, or urethra where it dissolves or melts and is absorbed into the bloodstream.
Diuretics
Promotes production of urine. Used for high blood pressure. Often used by bulimics for weight loss.
Intravenous injection
A route of drug administration directly into the bloodstream through a vein. Yield sstrongest and most rapid effact but is most dangerous due to risk of infection, vein collapse, or overdose.
Intramuscular injection
A route of drug administration; injected into the muscle.
Drug abuse
Generally refers to chronic, excessive use of a drug. May also refer to a person’s intent.
THC
Active ingredient in marijuana. Connects to nerve cell sites and brain called cannabinoid receptors and influences the activity of those cells. Influences pleasure, memory, thought, concentration, sensory and time perception, and coordinated movement. Increases risk of heart attack. Increases risk of cancer. Can lead to depression anxiety and personality disturbances. Causes birth defects. Can be used for medical purposes: glaucoma, Chemotherapy cause to nausea and vomiting, appetite stimulant, antiasthmatic, seizures, muscle relaxant action.
Receptor sites (of a drug)
Target cells for drugs
OTC drugs
Over-the-counter drugs; such as, cough medicine, pain medication, allergy medication that don’t require prescriptions.
Tolerance
Some drugs are used frequently, large doses are required to maintain the same effect
Anabolic steroids
Synthetic variant of the male sex hormone testosterone
Opioids
Substances that act on the nervous system, medications that are artificially made, reduce the intensity of pain signals reaching the brain and affect those brain areas controlling emotion which diminishes the effects of a painful stimulus; Morphine, tramadol, oxycodone, methadone
Endorphins
Endogenous opioid neuropeptides. Produced by central nervous system and pituitary gland. Released during exercise, interact with the receptors in your brain to reduce perception of pain, trigger positive body feeling, similar to morphine
GRASE list (FDA)
Generally recognized as safe by the FDA for use in food and drugs
Epinephrine
Sometimes called adrenaline; secreted by the adrenal medulla; stimulation of the meulla by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system causes release of hormones, especially epinephrine, into the blood to initiate short-term fight or flight response to stress
Synergism
Combined action of drugs is greater than the sum of the effects of anyone drug taking a loan. For example, some drugs potentiate or increase the effects of another drug.
Prostaglandin inhibitors
NSAIDs. Medications that act on prostaglandins, compounds that regulate muscle contractions.
Benzodiazepines
Class of psychoactive drug; court chemical structure is fusion of benzene ring and a diazepine ring. Examples: diazepam (Valium), alpazolam (Xanax), clonazepam (klonopin), Lorazepam (Ativan), MIdazolam
Narcotics
Any of a group of drugs such as heroin and morphine that produce numbness and stupor. Commonly used to relieve pain; may cause addiction.
Polydrug use
Refers to the use of two or more psychoactive drugs in combination to achieve a particular effect.
Antagonism
Inhibition of or interference with the action of one substance organism by another
Analgesics
pain killer; member of the group of drugs used to achieve relief from pain. acts various ways on the peripheral and central nervous systems
Antibiotics
Type of antimicrobial used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infection; may either kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria.
Route of administration
The path by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substances taken into the body. Classified by location at which the substances applied, oral an intravenous.
Cross tolerance
Phenomenon that occurs when someone who is tolerant to the effects of a certain drugs also develop a tolerance to another drug.
LDL
Low density lipoprotein’s. Bad cholesterol. Put your heart at risk. Collects on the walls of blood vessels working cause blockages
HDL
High density lipoprotein’s. Well behaved good cholesterol removes harmful cholesterol. Reduces the risk for heart disease
Carbohydrate
Biological molecule consisting of carbon hydrogen and oxygen atoms. Consist of simple sugars and starches. Provides energy for working muscles, fuel for central nervous system, enables fat metabolism, prevents protein from being used as energy.
