Terms Flashcards
English church members who agreed with the link between church and state but who
disagreed with the Anglican Church’s theology. This group included Puritans and Catholics.
Dissenters
English church members who disagreed with the entire concept of linking the church with the state. This title included Independents, Separatists, Congregationalists, English Presbyterians, Methodists, Quakers, and Baptists.
Nonconformists
Jansen, a Catholic theologian, asserted that humans can do nothing good apart from God’s
grace. Jansen derived his teachings from Augustine of Hippo. Jansenism was condemned by the pope in 1653.
Jansenism
English church members who separated from the Anglican Church over several issues,
including the degree of adornment in the church’s worship. (Separatists preferred simple worship; Anglican worship tended to be ornate.) Most Separatists became Congregationalists.
Separatists
Pietist descendants of the Bohemian Protestants, who derived from Jan Hus’
followers. Today, they are known as the United Brethren.
Moravian Brethren
Eighteenth-century Christians who emphasized experiencing God’s presence through intense,
personal prayer and Bible study.
Pietists
From the Latin deus (“deity”). A movement that searched for a universal foundation on which
all religions could agree. Most deists believed that a divine being had created the universe and natural laws. However, they also believed that this divine being was revealed to humanity primarily through the created order.
Deism
The belief that God’s work can be divided into distinct eras (dispensations). Dispensationalism treats nearly all biblical references to “Israel” as references to the earthly nation. Most dispensationalists also believe that Christians will be removed from the world (“raptured”) before
God judges the world. J.N. Darby and C.I. Scofield popularized this view.
Dispensationalism
The belief that God’s covenants with Israel are fulfilled in the church. Covenantalism treats most New Testament references to “Israel” as references to the church (see Romans 9:6-7;
Galatians 6:16). B.B. Warfield and J. Gresham Machen defended this view.
Covenantalism
A Protestant movement that stressed social reforms more than personal salvation.
Social Gospel
A movement within Methodism that stressed a spiritual experience (a “second blessing”) that leads to “entire sanctification” and “Christian perfection.” Charles Finney spread Holiness
ideas in America. A convention in Keswick, England, popularized the movement in Europe. In 1908 several Holiness groups merged to form the Nazarene Church. Modern Pentecostalism arose among Holiness Christians
Holiness Movement
Originally referred to people who accepted the five fundamental beliefs (see Chapter Eleven). By the 1950s the term referred to conservative Christians who focused on precise
Ñpersonal standards and on separation from every hint of liberalism.
Fundamentalists
Persons who altered Christian theology to fit the outlook of the Modern Age by
separating Christian theology from traditional doctrines and biblical texts.
Theological Liberals
Originally synonymous with “fundamentalists.” During the 1950s the term “evangelical” replaced “new [or neo-] evangelical” as a description of believers who emphasized Christian unity, the
truthfulness and unique authority of Scripture, salvation by grace through exclusive faith in Jesus Christ,
and the need for evangelism.
Evangelicals
The worldview that arose at the end of the Modern Age. The Modern Age lasted from
the late 1700s until the mid-1900s. Modernity stressed words, reason, and the material world.
Postmodernity has tended to emphasize personal experiences and the spiritual realm.
Postmodernity
