Terms

Question 1

Reverse saturation current

Answer 1

Emitter - open circuited IE =0 ,
IpC=0 (collector holes current).
CB act as reverse biased diode
IC =reverse saturation current (ICo)

IC = IpC - ICo
IpC = 0
IC = ICo

Question 2

Reverse collector saturation current ICBo

Answer 2

IE = 0 leakage current flowing around the junction & across the surface of the transistor

Question 3

Emitter efficiency (gamma)

Answer 3

=Current of injected carriers at IE / total emitter current

= IpE / IpE +InE

= IpE / IE = 1

Question 4

Transport Factor (beta)

Answer 4

= injected carrier current reaching at CB junction / injected carrier current at EB

= IpC / IpE

Question 5

Large signal current gain (Alpha)

Answer 5

= IpC / IE
=IC - ICo / IE

Question 6

Base width modulation
Early effect

Answer 6

In reverse bias, collector voltage increases space charge width btw base & collector. This decreases base width.
Dependency of base width on collector to emitter voltage is c/a early effect