Terms Flashcards
Types of terms
Terms are what the parties have agreed between themselves
Consequences of a breach depends on type of term breached
Whats a condition
Important term
If not complied with the contract can be repudiated
Case for condition
Poussard v Spiers
Whats a warranty
A minor term
If breached contract does not end
Damages can be claimed
Case for warranty
Bettini v Gye
Whats an innominate term
Unclear whether it is a condition or warranty
Judge decides this depending on the consequences of the breach
To decide innominate term
Substantial benefit
Intention of parties
Substantial benefit
If breach denies you of substantial benefit then it is a condition
If it does not it is a warranty
Case for substantial benefit
Hong Kong v Kowaski
Intention of the parties
Decision based on what is just
Case for intention of parties
Arnold v Britton
Terms implied by common law or statute
Consequences if terms are followed
Terms can be implied by common law or statute
Terms implied by common law
a) business efficiency
b) officious bystander test
c) by custom
d) prior dealings
Business efficiency/ officious bystander
Business efficiency- is the term necessary to make business sense?
Officious bystander- if the parties to contract had thought about it would they agreed the term should be in there
Case for business efficiency
The moorcock
Case for officious bystander
Hollier v Rambler
Terms implied by custom
Courts look at what was the norm course of action at the time the contract was made
Case for terms implied by custom
Hutton v Warren
Terms implied by prior dealings
Prior terms in a previous contract would be implied terms within next contract
Case for terms implied by prior dealings
Hillas v Arcos
Terms implied by statute
Business to business- sale of goods act 1979
Business to consumer- CRA2015
Business to consumer CRA2015
Rights are given to consumer and the trader has a duty
Define consumer
An individual acting for purposes wholly or mainly outside of their craft
Define trader
A person acting for purposes relating to that persons trade
Who does the act apply to
Contracts and noticed between consumers and traders
Traders liable when dealing through third party
First implied term is pre contractual info
Examples of pre contractual info
Total price of goods
Additional delivery charges
Time it will take to be delivered