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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

abscess

A

collection of pus within a tissue

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2
Q

adnexa

A

associated anatomic parts (ovaries and fallopian tubes)

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3
Q

afebrile

A

without fever

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4
Q

ambulatory

A

able to move

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5
Q

aneurysm

A

widening of blood vessel due to weakness in the vessel wall

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6
Q

angina

A

chest pain caused by lack of blood supply (ischemia) to the heart muscle

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7
Q

angioplasty

A

surgical procedure which arteries are widened to treat artherosclerosis

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8
Q

anasarca

A

generalized massive edema

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9
Q

anorexia

A

loss of appetite, esp. for long period of time

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10
Q

antipyretic

A

fever reducing medicine

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11
Q

aortic dissection

A

tear in the inner layer of the aorta

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12
Q

aphasia

A

impairment of ability to speak

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13
Q

appendectomy

A

surgical removal of the appendix

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14
Q

arrhythmia

A

irregular heart beat

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15
Q

artery

A

thick walled blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

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16
Q

arthralgia

A

joint pain not associated with inflammation

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17
Q

articulation

A

surface contact between distinct bones

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18
Q

ascites

A

accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal (abdominal) cavity

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19
Q

aspiration pneumonia

A

inflammation of the lungs after breathing in foreign material

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20
Q

asystole

A

state of zero cardia output, “flatline”

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21
Q

atelectasis

A

collapse of alveoli resulting in reduced gas exchange

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22
Q

atherosclerosis

A

hardening of the arteries caused by fatty buildup

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23
Q

ausultation

A

listening for internal sounds during an exam (usually with stethoscope)

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24
Q

avulsion

A

pulling away of an area or structure

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25
Q

axilla

A

armpit region

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26
Q

bradycardia

A

abnormally slow heart rate

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27
Q

bradypnea

A

abnormally slow respiratory rate

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28
Q

bruit

A

unusual sound that blood makes when it rushes past an obstruction in a vessel (when listened to with a stethoscope)

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29
Q

buccal mucosa

A

mucous membrane lining the oral cavity

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30
Q

cachectic

A

loss of weight and muscle mass, “wasting syndrome”

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31
Q

cardiomegaly

A

enlargement of the heart

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32
Q

cerumen

A

earwax

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33
Q

cervical

A

pertaining to the neck or cervix

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34
Q

cholecystectomy

A

surgical removal of the gallbladder

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35
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder

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36
Q

cholelithiasis

A

gallstones

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37
Q

cirrhosis

A

replacement of liver tissue with scar tissue caused by chronic liver disease

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38
Q

coccyx

A

tail bone

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39
Q

colectomy

A

surgical removal of a portion of the colon

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40
Q

colostomy

A

surgical procedure that brings opening end of colon through abdominal wall to stoma for collecting feces

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41
Q

conjunctivae

A

inner membrane of the eyelids and membrane covering the sclera of the eye

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42
Q

cornea

A

transparent covering on the anterior eye that overlies the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. Allows light to pass through to the lens

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43
Q

crepitus

A

crackling sounds made by two surfaces contacting each other

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44
Q

cyanosis

A

bluish skin color due to lack of blood supply

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45
Q

cystitis

A

inflammation of the bladder

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46
Q

debride

A

removal of dead material from a wound

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47
Q

dehiscence

A

a separation between layers, often in reference to a surgical incision site

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48
Q

dentition

A

reference to the position of teeth in the mouth

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49
Q

dermis

A

layer of skin beneath the epidermis and above the subcutaneous tissues

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50
Q

diaphoresis

A

sweating or perspiration

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51
Q

diuretic

A

substance that causes fluid loss from the body

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52
Q

dorsiflexion

A

foot is moved upward toward the shin

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53
Q

diverticulitis

A

a condition in which diverticula becomes infected

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54
Q

diverticulosis

A

a condition in which diverticula (outpockets) form in the colon wall

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55
Q

dysmenorrhea

A

painful menstration

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56
Q

dyspareunia

A

painful intercourse

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57
Q

dyspepsia

A

condition of impaired digestion

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58
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

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59
Q

dysphasia

A

impairment of speech and verbal comprehension

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60
Q

dyspnea

A

difficult breathing

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61
Q

dysuria

A

burning sensation or pain during urination

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62
Q

ecchymosis

A

purple skin color due to blood escaping from ruptured blood vessel into the subcutaneous tissue (bruise)

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63
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

fetus implants outside the uterus

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64
Q

eczema

A

inflammation of the skin involving scaly and itchy rash

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65
Q

edema

A

swelling due to the accumulation of fluid

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66
Q

edentulous

A

lacking teeth

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67
Q

effusion

A

escape of fluid into a body cavity, such as a joint

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68
Q

emaciated

A

extremely thin and weak

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69
Q

embolism

A

obstruction of a blood vessel due to a clot or foreign substance

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70
Q

emesis

A

vomiting

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71
Q

emphysema

A

chronic lung disease

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72
Q

endotracheal intubation

A

medical procedure in which a tube is placed in to the trachea through the mouth or the nose

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73
Q

enteritis

A

inflammation of the small intestine

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74
Q

enuresis

A

involuntary urination

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75
Q

epistaxis

A

bloody nose

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76
Q

erythema

A

redness of skin due to capillary congesion

77
Q

evulsion

A

act of tearing away or forcible extraction

78
Q

fascia

A

fibrous tissue that envelopes, separates, or binds together muscle, organs, and other soft tissues

79
Q

febrile

A

fever

80
Q

fluorescein

A

red/orange dye applied to eyes to detect corneal lesions, abrasions, or foreign bodies

81
Q

fontanel

A

in infants, the soft membranous gaps between cranial bones

82
Q

fundus

A

position opposite to organ opening; base or bottom

83
Q

gastroenteritis

A

inflammation of the stomach and small intestine

84
Q

gingiva

A

gums

85
Q

grand mal

A

severe epileptic attack characterized by convulsions, stupor, and temporary loss of consciousness

86
Q

gravid

A

state of pregnancy

87
Q

hemangioma

A

benign tumor consisting of blood vessels

88
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting of blood

89
Q

hematochezia

A

red, bloody stools

90
Q

hemotympanum

A

blood in the tympanic cavity of the middle ear

91
Q

hematoma

A

localized collection of blood in an organ or tissue due to a ruptured blood vessel

92
Q

hematuria

A

blood in the urine

93
Q

hemoptysis

A

coughing up blood or bloody sputum

94
Q

hemorrhage

A

excessive or profuse bleeding

95
Q

hemothorax

A

collection of blood in the pleural cavity

96
Q

hepatosplenomegaly

A

enlargement of the liver and spleen

97
Q

hyperglycemia

A

high blood sugar

98
Q

hyperkalemia

A

elevated potassium concentration in the plasma

99
Q

hypernatremia

A

elevated sodium concentration in the plasma

100
Q

hypertension

A

elevated arterial blood pressure

101
Q

hypertrophy

A

increase volume of organ or tissue due to enlargement of its component cells

102
Q

hypoglycemia

A

low blood glucose

103
Q

hypokalemia

A

low potassium concentration in the plasma

104
Q

hyponatremia

A

low sodium concentration in the plasma

105
Q

hypotension

A

low arterial blood pressure

106
Q

ileus

A

disruption of contraction of the intestinal muscle resulting in failure of content passage; intestinal obstruction

107
Q

induration

A

an area of hardened tissue

108
Q

infarct

A

necrotic area of tissue following cessation of blood supply

109
Q

inguinal

A

pertaining to the groin region

110
Q

ischemia

A

decrease in blood supply to an organ, tissue

111
Q

joint

A

articulation or junction between two or more bones or cartilage

112
Q

jaundice

A

yellow skin or eye color due to excessive bilirubin

113
Q

keloid

A

scar formation consisting of dense tissue

114
Q

lacrimal

A

relating to tears

115
Q

leukocytosis

A

elevated white blood count above the normal range

116
Q

ligament

A

fibrous tissue that connect bones together

117
Q

lingual

A

relating to the tongue

118
Q

lymphadenopathy

A

enlargement of the lymph nodes

119
Q

macule

A

small colored spot on the skin that is not elevated or depressed

120
Q

malaise

A

general feeling of discomfort or weakness

121
Q

malleolus

A

bony prominences on either side of the ankle joint

122
Q

malpractice

A

improper or negligent treatment of a patient, resulting in injury, damage, or loss

123
Q

malocculsion

A

misalignment of teeth

124
Q

mastectomy

A

surgical excision of the breast

125
Q

melena

A

black, tarry stool

126
Q

menorrhagia

A

abnormally heavy and prolonged menstrual period at regular interval

127
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord

128
Q

myalgia

A

muscle pain

129
Q

nares

A

nostrils

130
Q

nephritis

A

inflammation of the nephrons in the kidneys

131
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

kidney stones

132
Q

neuralgia

A

sharp, shocking pain that follows the path of a nerve due to nerve irritation or damage

133
Q

normocephalic

A

exam finding that head and all major organs of the head are in a normal condition and without significant abnormality

134
Q

nystagmus

A

involuntary rapid eye movements

135
Q

occiput

A

back portion of the head above the base of the neck

136
Q

odynophagia

A

painful swallowing

137
Q

olecranon

A

large bony projection of the ulna forming the elbow joint

138
Q

ophthalmalgia

A

eye pain

139
Q

orthopnea

A

shortness of breath induced by lying flat in a supine position

140
Q

orthostatic hypotension

A

form of hypotension in which a person’s blood pressure suddenly falls when standing up or changing positions abruptly

141
Q

os

A

mouth or orifice

142
Q

pallor

A

a pale appearance of the skin

143
Q

palpable

A

able to be touched or felt

144
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas

145
Q

paracentesis

A

procedure to remove fluid that has accumulated in the abdominal cavity

146
Q

para

A

number of viable offspring born by a woman

147
Q

paresthesia

A

abnormal tactile (sense of touch) sensation often described as numbness, tingling, burning, or pricking

148
Q

paronychia

A

inflammation of the tissue surrounding the nail

149
Q

paroxysmal

A

a sudden attack, recurrence, or intensification of symptoms

150
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneum, the thin tissue that lines the inner wall of the abdomen and covers most of the abdominal organs

151
Q

petechiae

A

pinpoint-sized red spots on the skin caused by a small amount of bleeding under the skin

152
Q

pharyngitis

A

inflammation of the pharynx, can be caused by strep infection

153
Q

photophobia

A

abnormal intolerance and sensitivity to light

154
Q

pleurisy

A

inflammation of the pleura of the lungs

155
Q

pneumothorax

A

abnormal collection of air or gas in the pleural space that may occur spontaneously or due to trauma (collapsed lung)

156
Q

popliteal foss

A

shallow depression at the back of the knee

157
Q

pyelonephritis

A

infection of the kidneys

158
Q

rale

A

an abnormal respiratory sound characterized by a cracking noise

159
Q

rhabdomyolysis

A

breakdown of muscle fibers that leads to the release of muscle fiber content (myoglobin) into the bloodstream

160
Q

rhinorrhea

A

thin, watery discharge from the nose

161
Q

rhonchi

A

coarse, rattling sound due to partial obstruction of the air channels

162
Q

sciatic

A

pertaining to the hip

163
Q

sclera

A

a dense, white, fibrous membrane that forms the external covering of the eyeball

164
Q

sepsis

A

severe response to the presence of pathological microorganisms or toxins in the blood

165
Q

shaft

A

long, slender portion of a long bone

166
Q

sputum

A

matter expectorated from the respiratory system, such as mucus

167
Q

stellate

A

star-shaped, radiating from the center

168
Q

stenosis

A

abnormal narrowing of a blood vessel or other tubular organ or structure

169
Q

stridor

A

high-pitched respiratory sound caused by an obstruction in the larynx or pharnyx

170
Q

supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)

A

irregular heartbeat originating above the AV node

171
Q

syncope

A

loss of consciousness

172
Q

tachycardia

A

rapid heart rate, greater than 100 beats per minute

173
Q

tachypnea

A

rapid respirations

174
Q

thoracostomy

A

incision of the chest wall to place a chest tube

175
Q

thoracotomy

A

incision of the plural space of the chest

176
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

abnormally low platelet count, cane be caused by various conditions

177
Q

thomboembolic

A

the blocking of a blood vessel by a blood clot dislodged from its site of origin

178
Q

tinea

A

skin infection caused by fungus

179
Q

tinnitus

A

ringing in the ear

180
Q

tonsillectomy

A

surgical excisions of a tonsil

181
Q

torsion

A

twisting of a bodily organ on its own axis (ie ovary, testicle)

182
Q

troponin

A

cardiac enzyme lab test to assess for cardiac muscle damage

183
Q

turgor

A

the normal fullness of tension produced by the fluid content of blood vessels, capillaries, and cells

184
Q

urticaria

A

raised, itchy red welts on the surface of the skin that are accompanied by itching

185
Q

vaginitis

A

inflammation of the vaginal wall; can be caused by infection

186
Q

vein

A

thinner-walled vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the capillaries toward the heart, excluding pulmonary veins

187
Q

vertigo

A

condition of dizziness described as room spinning sensation

188
Q

wheal

A

a round, localized area of edema on the body surface often associated with severe itching, and vanishes quickly

189
Q

wheeze

A

a whistling breath sound as a result of narrowed respiratory passageways

Medical scribe term (4 decks)

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