Terms

Question 1

Positivist Stance

Answer 1

quantitative method, objective reality with objective observers

Question 2

Soft Facts

Answer 2

facts not supported by concrete evidence

Question 3

Interpretive Stance

Answer 3

qualitative methods, social positions/relationships

Question 4

Socialization

Answer 4

lifelong process of developing sense of self, learning norms, developing skills/habits for participating in society

Question 5

Deviance

Answer 5

breaking of societal norms/laws

Question 6

Ideologies

Answer 6

system of ideas that shapes objectives and expectations (individualism, meritocracy)

Question 7

Social Class

Answer 7

Weber: market position, together with people with same motivations

Question 8

Power

Answer 8

source of inequality, economic class + social status + party

Question 9

SES

Answer 9

measure of income/education/skills

Question 10

Globalization

Answer 10

growing flow of people/objects/information across the world, the structures that are barriers/drivers for this flow

Question 11

Race

Answer 11

social distinction based on physical/biological features, social construct

Question 12

Ethnicity

Answer 12

social distinction based on cultural differences, more voluntary participation, social construct

Question 13

Racism

Answer 13

organized system of race-based group privileges operating at every level of society

Question 14

Racialization

Answer 14

formal of new racial identity based on ideological differences

Question 15

Discrimination

Answer 15

prejudices, explicit/implicit laws and policies

Question 16

Multiculturalism

Answer 16

political framework to promote cultural differences and integration

Question 17

Sex

Answer 17

biological differences divided into main male/female categories

Question 18

Gender

Answer 18

scale of masculine or feminine qualities based on social/cultural patterns

Question 19

Political Efficacy

Answer 19

sense of ability to participate in politics

Question 20

Concerted Cultivation

Answer 20

middle class development children, specific skills and socialization, sense of entitlement

Question 21

Accomplishment of Natural Growth

Answer 21

lower class adults separate from children, sense of detachment and distrust

Question 22

Interdependent/Adversarial Individualism

Answer 22

sense that individual should work with/go against institutions, governs parenting styles

Question 23

Legitimation

Answer 23

function of education, legitimize certain knowledge, hidden curriculum

Question 24

Exit/Voice

Answer 24

reaction of parents to organizations (leave to private school vs. active helicopter parenting)

Question 25

Bureaucracy

Answer 25

‘rule of office or desk’, hierarchical offices + impersonal decision-making, clear division of labour, technical qualifications

Question 26

Emotional Labour

Answer 26

the emotional aspect of working, selling customers your emotions, risk of impacting workers’ emotional control

Question 27

Global Care Chain

Answer 27

series of relationships across the world based on paid/unpaid reproductive work (caring for people)

Question 28

Welfare State

Answer 28

state that ensures minimum income/social programs/economic security, consider broader influences (labour laws, tax laws, criminal laws)

Question 29

Racial States

Answer 29

all states are racial states because every state action impacts racial groups and power dynamics

Question 30

Framing

Answer 30

small-scale schemas that each individual uses to interpret the world and place emphasis on different aspects