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sono intro > terms > Flashcards

terms Flashcards

1
Q

In sagittal plane, describe inferior, superior, anterior, and posterior.

A

Inferior is towards the caudal.
Superior is towards the head.
Anterior is towards the skin.
Posterior is towards the spine.

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2
Q

Sagittal (longitudinal) view measures:

A

length (Cranial-Caudal/ height(Anterior to posterior

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3
Q

Transverse (Axial) view measures:

A

Width, height

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4
Q

Coronal view measures:

A

(width, height), dependent on slice thickness measuring A-P

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5
Q

Define Gray scale:

A

an image produced from a range from whites to blacks, digital is dependent on bit depth

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6
Q

Define contrast.

A

The difference between blacks and whites, High contrast is a large difference producing an images of few grays. Low contrast is small differences, producing a very gray image

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7
Q

Define contrast media.

A

any substance that provides more contrast between anatomical structures which separates them visually. May be a metal, air, injected compound.

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8
Q

Supine position

A

patient lies on their back

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9
Q

lateral position

A

patient lies on their side

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10
Q

prone position

A

patient lies on their stomach

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11
Q

Modified fowler position

A

patient lies on their back with the head elevated and knees flexed

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12
Q

Trendelenburg position

A

patient lies on their back and their pelvis and legs are higher than their head

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13
Q

A-mode

A

amplitude modulation;

a one-dimensional representation of a reflected sound wave.

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14
Q

Amplitude

A

the intensity of a signal determined by its brightness and height above the baseline.

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15
Q

Anechoic

A

not producing echoes;

appears black on screen

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16
Q

artifacts

A

echoes that do not correspond to real structures.

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17
Q

B-mode

A

Brightness modulation;

2d presentation of echo-producing interfaces which are displayed at the correct depth from the transducer.

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18
Q

Continuous wave (CW) doppler

A

continuous generation of ultrasound waves coupled with continuous ultrasound reception used to evaluate blood flow.

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19
Q

cystic

A

a fluid-filled sac;
anechoic
appears black on screen
creates posterior enhancement

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20
Q

Doppler

A

ultrasound utilizing the Doppler effect to measure movement or flow in the body, especially blood flow.

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21
Q

echogenicity

A

the characteristic of tissue to reflect sound waves and produce echoes.

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22
Q

echoic

A

producing echoes

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23
Q

enhancement (acoustic)

A

appearance of increased echo brightness from tissue lying beyond a structure in which attenuation is low

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24
Q

focal zone

A

the narrowest part of the sound beam in which resolution is greatest.

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25
Q

gain

A

amount of amplification of returning echoes.

26
Q

gel

A

medium used to exclude air from between the surface of the trasnducer and the patinetnt’s body.

27
Q

grayscale

A

series of shades from white to black.

28
Q

heterogeneous

A

composed of differing echo types

29
Q

homogeneous

A

composed ot similar echo types

30
Q

hyperechoic

A

more echogenic.
appears lighter.
compares two or more structures.

31
Q

hypoechoic

A

less echogenic
appears darker.
compares two or more structures

32
Q

isoechoic

A

having the same echogenicity.

compares two or more structures.

33
Q

M-mode

A

motion mode;
presentation of moving structures along a single line in the ultrasound beam dispalyed as time versus distance from the transducer.

34
Q

noise

A

an artifact usually caused by excessive system gain.

35
Q

piezoelectric

A

a property of certain crystals that causes them to produce voltage when mechanical pressure, such as sound vibration, is applied to them and vice versa.

36
Q

Power doppler

A

demonstration of the amplitude of doppler signals rather than the frequency shift.

37
Q

Pulsed-wave (PW) doppler

A

the use of a sample volume that gives a graphic display of all the velocities contained within a sampled area.

38
Q

Shadowing

A

the loss of echo signals from distal structures as a result of attenuation from overlying structures that are highly attenuative.

39
Q

Time-gain compesation (TGC)

A

process in which receiver amplification is increased with time so that echo signals originating form distant reflectors are amplified more than echo signals originating form reflectors close to the transducer so that like reflecctors have the same appearance.

40
Q

anterior

A

towards the front

41
Q

caudal

A

towards the feet

42
Q

cephalic

A

towards the head or pertaining to the head

43
Q

contralateral

A

the other side.

44
Q

cranial

A

pertaining to the craniium or towards the head

45
Q

distal

A

a position farther from the point of reference

46
Q

dorsal

A

towards the back

47
Q

inferior

A

below

48
Q

ipsilateral

A

on the same side

49
Q

lateral

A

a position farther from the median plane or midline of the body

50
Q

longitudinal

A

the long axis of a strcutre or an organ

51
Q

medial

A

a psoition closer to the midline of the body

52
Q

oblique

A

any imaging plane that is not sagittal or transverse.

53
Q

peripheral

A

located away from the center

54
Q

posterior

A

behind

55
Q

proximal

A

a position nearer ro the point of reference

56
Q

Superior

A

above

57
Q

ventral

A

towards the belly

58
Q

CAAHEP

A

accredits entry-level allied health education programs.

59
Q

TJC

A

accredits healthcare organizations like hospitals

60
Q

Most prominent proffesional society for sonographers?

A

SDMS

61
Q

Who certifies sonogrpahers?

A

ARDMS

sono intro (4 decks)

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