terms

Question 1

In sagittal plane, describe inferior, superior, anterior, and posterior.

Answer 1

Inferior is towards the caudal.
Superior is towards the head.
Anterior is towards the skin.
Posterior is towards the spine.

Question 2

Sagittal (longitudinal) view measures:

Answer 2

length (Cranial-Caudal/ height(Anterior to posterior

Question 3

Transverse (Axial) view measures:

Answer 3

Width, height

Question 4

Coronal view measures:

Answer 4

(width, height), dependent on slice thickness measuring A-P

Question 5

Define Gray scale:

Answer 5

an image produced from a range from whites to blacks, digital is dependent on bit depth

Question 6

Define contrast.

Answer 6

The difference between blacks and whites, High contrast is a large difference producing an images of few grays. Low contrast is small differences, producing a very gray image

Question 7

Define contrast media.

Answer 7

any substance that provides more contrast between anatomical structures which separates them visually. May be a metal, air, injected compound.

Question 8

Supine position

Answer 8

patient lies on their back

Question 9

lateral position

Answer 9

patient lies on their side

Question 10

prone position

Answer 10

patient lies on their stomach

Question 11

Modified fowler position

Answer 11

patient lies on their back with the head elevated and knees flexed

Question 12

Trendelenburg position

Answer 12

patient lies on their back and their pelvis and legs are higher than their head

Question 13

A-mode

Answer 13

amplitude modulation;

a one-dimensional representation of a reflected sound wave.

Question 14

Amplitude

Answer 14

the intensity of a signal determined by its brightness and height above the baseline.

Question 15

Anechoic

Answer 15

not producing echoes;

appears black on screen

Question 16

artifacts

Answer 16

echoes that do not correspond to real structures.

Question 17

B-mode

Answer 17

Brightness modulation;

2d presentation of echo-producing interfaces which are displayed at the correct depth from the transducer.

Question 18

Continuous wave (CW) doppler

Answer 18

continuous generation of ultrasound waves coupled with continuous ultrasound reception used to evaluate blood flow.

Question 19

cystic

Answer 19

a fluid-filled sac;
anechoic
appears black on screen
creates posterior enhancement

Question 20

Doppler

Answer 20

ultrasound utilizing the Doppler effect to measure movement or flow in the body, especially blood flow.

Question 21

echogenicity

Answer 21

the characteristic of tissue to reflect sound waves and produce echoes.

Question 22

echoic

Answer 22

producing echoes

Question 23

enhancement (acoustic)

Answer 23

appearance of increased echo brightness from tissue lying beyond a structure in which attenuation is low

Question 24

focal zone

Answer 24

the narrowest part of the sound beam in which resolution is greatest.

Question 25

gain

Answer 25

amount of amplification of returning echoes.

Question 26

gel

Answer 26

medium used to exclude air from between the surface of the trasnducer and the patinetnt's body.

Question 27

grayscale

Answer 27

series of shades from white to black.

Question 28

heterogeneous

Answer 28

composed of differing echo types

Question 29

homogeneous

Answer 29

composed ot similar echo types

Question 30

hyperechoic

Answer 30

more echogenic. appears lighter. compares two or more structures.

Question 31

hypoechoic

Answer 31

less echogenic appears darker. compares two or more structures

Question 32

isoechoic

Answer 32

having the same echogenicity. | compares two or more structures.

Question 33

M-mode

Answer 33

motion mode; presentation of moving structures along a single line in the ultrasound beam dispalyed as time versus distance from the transducer.

Question 34

noise

Answer 34

an artifact usually caused by excessive system gain.

Question 35

piezoelectric

Answer 35

a property of certain crystals that causes them to produce voltage when mechanical pressure, such as sound vibration, is applied to them and vice versa.

Question 36

Power doppler

Answer 36

demonstration of the amplitude of doppler signals rather than the frequency shift.

Question 37

Pulsed-wave (PW) doppler

Answer 37

the use of a sample volume that gives a graphic display of all the velocities contained within a sampled area.

Question 38

Shadowing

Answer 38

the loss of echo signals from distal structures as a result of attenuation from overlying structures that are highly attenuative.

Question 39

Time-gain compesation (TGC)

Answer 39

process in which receiver amplification is increased with time so that echo signals originating form distant reflectors are amplified more than echo signals originating form reflectors close to the transducer so that like reflecctors have the same appearance.

Question 40

anterior

Answer 40

towards the front

Question 41

caudal

Answer 41

towards the feet

Question 42

cephalic

Answer 42

towards the head or pertaining to the head

Question 43

contralateral

Answer 43

the other side.

Question 44

cranial

Answer 44

pertaining to the craniium or towards the head

Question 45

distal

Answer 45

a position farther from the point of reference

Question 46

dorsal

Answer 46

towards the back

Question 47

inferior

Answer 47

below

Question 48

ipsilateral

Answer 48

on the same side

Question 49

lateral

Answer 49

a position farther from the median plane or midline of the body

Question 50

longitudinal

Answer 50

the long axis of a strcutre or an organ

Question 51

medial

Answer 51

a psoition closer to the midline of the body

Question 52

oblique

Answer 52

any imaging plane that is not sagittal or transverse.

Question 53

peripheral

Answer 53

located away from the center

Question 54

posterior

Answer 54

behind

Question 55

proximal

Answer 55

a position nearer ro the point of reference

Question 56

Superior

Answer 56

above

Question 57

ventral

Answer 57

towards the belly

Question 58

CAAHEP

Answer 58

accredits entry-level allied health education programs.

Question 59

TJC

Answer 59

accredits healthcare organizations like hospitals

Question 60

Most prominent proffesional society for sonographers?

Answer 60

SDMS

Question 61

Who certifies sonogrpahers?

Answer 61

ARDMS