Terminology/Teaching Reading Flashcards
What is the smallest single identifiable sound? Hint: ‘sh’ represents one sound ‘sp’ represents two sounds
phonemes
What is the part of the syllable that precedes the vowel of the syllable? Hint: “pill” is /p/
onsets
To draw individual sounds together to pronounce a word is ____? Hint: s-n-a-p form snap
blend
What is the part of a syllable that consists of its vowel and any consonant sounds after it?
rimes
What is the ability to think about his or her own thinking?
metacognition
A child who can read almost every word is called ______?
highly skilled reader
These words cannot be sounded out to regular pronunciation rules: “do”, “said”, “was”, “of” are called?
irregular words
When ‘e’ is added to a word, the initial vowel has a long sound and this is what kind of word? Ex: “can” short sound, “cane” long sound
CVC word (consonant-vowel-consonant)
This type of reader understands that written language conveys messages.
emergent reader
What is used to assess students work as a whole not just portions of the assignments (assess overall structure and quality)?
holistic scoring rubric
What is used to assess the students performance and the teacher is able to suggest specific educational solutions?
analytic scoring rubric
What type of test requires all test takers to answer the same questions and are scored to compare the relative performance of individual students or groups of students?
standardized test
Students used these skills to learn to think critically by cross checking facts even from reliable sources…
web research skills
The ability to break words down into individual sounds which is essential in developing writing skills..(example: breaks the word “run” into its component sounds /r/ /u/ /n/ )
phoneme segmentation
The ability to identify a word when hearing parts of the word (phonemes or syllables) in isolation.
phoneme blending
The ability to recognize the same sound in different words.
phoneme identity
The recognition of individual sounds within a word such as the first sound in “cap” is /k/.
phoneme isolation
Recognition of the word that remains when a phoneme is removed from a word. (ex: “cluck” without the /k/ is “luck” )
phoneme deletion
Assessment that is given in which data is computed and summarized and scored with percentiles, stanines or standard scores
formal assessment
Assessment that is not data driven but rather content and performance driven scores such as 10 correct out of 15, percent of words read correctly and most rubric scores are given.
informal assessment
Stages of writing are…
Drafting,prewriting,revising,editing and publishing
This determines how well a student performs against another student..
norm-referenced test
Accurate information and cohesiveness of ideas in which students will not benefit from text inaccurate or biased info).
quality informational text
What is the best way to improve a student’s reading fluency?
provide students many opportunities to reread the same passage..repetition helps improve recognition and recall sight words
What is used to monitor student learning to provide ongoing feedback that can be used by instructors to improve their teaching and by students to improve their learning? (have low or no point value) ex: draw a concept map in class to represent their understanding of a topic
formative assessment
What is used to evaluate student learning at the end of an instructional unit by comparing it against some standard or benchmark at a high point value? ex: midterm, final project, paper, etc..
summative assessment
Students recognize a word in a set of three or four words that has the “odd” sound is called what? ex: which word does not belong: net, nap, rug? “rug” doesn’t belong b/c it doesn’t begin with /n/
phoneme categorization
What is it called when students make a new word by adding a phoneme to an existing word? ex: what word do you make if you add /s/ to the beginning of “nail”…“snail”
phoneme addition
What is it called when a student substitutes one phoneme for another to make a new word? ex: In the word “run”, change /n/ to /g/ what is the new word? “Rug”
phoneme substitution
What is the ability to notice, think about and work with the individual sounds or phonemes in spoken words?
phonemic awareness
Speech that starts at or near the position for one vowel and moves to or toward the position of another is called? ex: ‘oy’ in “toy” or ‘ou’ in “out”
diphthong
What do you call the attachment to the end or beginning of base or root word that describes prefixes and suffixes?
affix
What do you call two letters that make one sound? ex: ‘sh’, ‘ch’, ‘th’, ‘ph’
digraph
A word that means print and sound and refers to letter-sound correspondence.
graphophonic cues
Speech sound that refers to letters of the alphabet that represent those sounds that are not vowels: Z, B, T, G and H
consonant
What are the following letters called: a,e,i,o,u and sometimes w and y
vowel
An informal diagnostic procedure that requires students to provide appropriate words to complete sentences in a systematic fashion from a passage they have just read.
cloze technique
A point scale that 9 is the highest and 5 being average. These are useful when comparing among subtests. (scores 1,2,3 are below average, 6,7,8 are above average)
stanine scores
An appropriate use of phrasing and expression, while reading, to convey meaning.
prosody
Relationship between sounds and the letters which represent those sounds, also known as letter-sound correspondence.
grapheme-phoneme correspondence (GPC)
What is it called when you split up a word into its individual phonemes in order to spell it? ex: “cat” has three phonemes /c/,/a/,/t/
segment
Device that is used for memorizing and recalling something. ex: snake shaped like the letter ‘s’
mnemonic
Two letters that are split making one sound. ex: ‘a-e’ as in “make”
split digraph
Two or three letters making two or three sounds. ex: the first three letters of “straight” are a consonant ______
cluster
Combination of vowels that combine to make a single vowel sound. ex: “oa” in “boat”, “ai” in “rain”, “ee” in “feet”
vowel digraph
The coding, scoring and analyzing a students oral reading behavior. This is usually performed while a child is reading from a benchmark book and taken at the earlier stages of reading.
running record
Written record kept in a positive tone of a child’s progress based on milestones particular to that child’s social, emotional, physical, aesthetic and cognitive development. ex: teacher observes and then records a child’s actions and work throughout the day while activities are occurring which is informal.
anecdotal records
Assessment that tells us how well a student performs against an objective or standard based on an established cut score.
criterion-referenced test
The use of prefixes, suffixes and root words to understand meaning of an unknown word. ex: “abnormal” has a prefix and root word
structural analysis
Direct instruction sequence of supports: setting a purpose for learning, telling students what to do, showing them how to do it and guiding their hands on application of the new learning.
explicit teaching
Multisensory approach to building a students reading-fluency skills and provides a model (teacher) of accurate and fluent reading.
neurological impress
Summarizing the central thought of the text is the…
main idea of the text
Allows teachers to tailor instruction to address students’ changing needs.
flexible grouping in the classroom
An alternative to traditional tests that measures student achievement over time.
student portfolio/developmental portfolio
Enables students to record their responses to text as they read, gives students opportunity to express their thoughts and become actively involved with material they read.
double entry journal strategy
When a syllable ends in a vowel, the vowel is long, as in ______.
a. ) tackle
b. ) idle
c. )tennis
idle
When a syllable ends in a consonant, the vowel is short, as in ______.
a. ) tackle
b. )tennis
c. ) idle
tackle
Divide a word between two like consonants, as in ______.
a. )music
b. )tennis
c. )tackle
tennis
When a consonant lies between two vowels, divide the word after the first vowel, as in _____.
a. )music
b. )tackle
c. )tennis
music
What is the process called where young children infer the underlying rules of language to which they are exposed and begin to acquire the ability to communicate through testing what they have learned.
language acquisition
Readers identify and/or recall relevant information explicitly stated in the reading selection by
A. identifying the order of events or a specific event from a sequence of events.
B. identifying a statement or sentence that best indicates the main idea of the selection.
C. identifying directly-stated facts (e.g., actions or events; names of characters, places or things in the selection; special circumstances relevant to the story).
D. identifying details such as key words, phrases or sentences that explicitly state important characteristics, circumstances, or similarities and differences in characters, times or places.
E. identifying directly-stated opinions.
literal level of comprehension
Readers use information explicitly stated in the passage to determine what is not stated. Readers derive meaning by
A. identifying implicit relationships (relationships not directly stated) such as cause and effect, sequence-time relationships, comparisons, classifications and generalizations.
B. predicting probable future outcomes or actions.
C. inferring an author’s unstated meaning by drawing conclusions based on specific facts, events, images, patterns or symbols found in selected readings.
D. inferring the main idea of a selection when it is not
explicitly stated.
E. identifying unstated reasons for actions or beliefs based
on explicitly stated information.
inferential level of comprehension
readers use evidence from the text to reach conclusions and make generalizations about the text and its wider implications by
A. drawing conclusions about the author’s motivation or purpose for writing a passage or story based on evidence in the selection.
B. drawing a conclusion that is validated by the
evidence in the selection.
C. determining whether the information used by the author to support a conclusion is accurate and/or credible.
D. differentiating between conclusions that are based on fact and those that are based on opinions.
E. drawing parallels between the selection and issues and situations relevant to the text.
F. drawing conclusions about the characteristics, values, and habits of human beings.
evaluative level of comprehension
The study of human sounds
phonetics
Classification of sounds within the system of particular language or languages.
phonology
This type of approach is for the school to intervene, or step in, and start helping before anyone falls really far behind.
Response to intervention
Words that appear most often in printed materials are called _____? (ex: “and”, “the” and “I”
high frequency words
A group/pair of words that are spelled the same way but have different meanings.
homograph
Process by which meaning is derived from speech, symbols, signs and text
semantics
Sequence in which words are put together to form sentences.
syntax
Using relationships between spelling and pronunciation to figure out unfamiliar words is called?
word analysis
Words from which many are formed (migrate, migration, migratory)
base words
Words from other languages that are the origin of many English words
word roots
A comparison using “like” or “as”
simile
Comparison between two unlike things NOT using “like” or “as”
metaphor
Allows students to develop word identification, comprehension and fluency skills
choral repeated reading
