Terminology Refresher Flashcards
1
Q
absence of secretion of bile
A
acholic
acholic stools are white clay colored stools in cholelitheiasis
2
Q
fibrous bands of scar tissue that form between internal organs and tissues, joining them together abnormally
A
adhesions
3
Q
general accumulation of serous fluid in various tissues and body cavities
A
anasarca
4
Q
lack of appetite
A
anorexia
5
Q
small ulcer on a mucous membrane
A
aphthous/aphthoid
6
Q
abnormal passageway between aorta and esophagus
A
aortoesophageal fistula
7
Q
a group of symptoms accompanying fulminant pulmonary edema and resulting acute respiratory failure
A
acute respiratory distresssyndrome (ARDS)
8
Q
pathologic accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
A
ascites
9
Q
hand flapping associagted with hepatic encephalopathy
A
asterixis
10
Q
hypersensitivity state, tendency to develop allergic diseases, heightened immune responses to common allergens
A
atopy (atopic)
11
Q
depressed bone marrow production of two cell lines (anemia and thrombocytopenia, normal WBCs)
A
bicytopenia
12
Q
a firm lump felt in the perirectal pouch on rectal examination, it is a rare physical finding in patients with METASTATIC ADENOCARCINOMA of the stomach
A
Blumer shelf
13
Q
a rumbling noise caused by propulsion of gas through the intestines
A
borborygmi
14
Q
endoscope of the trachea and bronchus
A
bronchoscopy
15
Q
a profound and marked state of constitutional disorder; general ill health or malnutrition
A
cachexia
16
Q
stoppage or suppression of bile flow, d/t factors within (intrahepatic) or outside the liver (extrahepatic)
A
cholestasis
17
Q
tetany, tap of facial nerve and get facial twitching, sign of hypocalcemia
A
chvostek sign
18
Q
chronic degenerative disease in which normal liver cells are damaged and replaced by scar tissue
A
cirrhosis
19
Q
acute paroxysmal abdominal pain
A
colic
20
Q
enlarged non-tender gallbladder secondary to pancreatic disease or cancer
A
courvoisier’s sign
21
Q
ecchymosis around the umbilicus (periumbilical) secondary to intra-abdominal
A
cullen sign
22
Q
a peptic ulcer of the duodenum in a patient with extensive superficial burns
A
curling ulcer (stress ulcer)
23
Q
peptic ulcer occurring from severe head injury or with other lesions to the CNS
A
cushing ulcer
24
Q
dysplasia-associated lesion/mass - acronym for increased incidence of colorectal cancer with ulcerative colitis
A
DALM
25
unhealthy change in normal bacterial ecology of part of the body
dysbiosis
26
general term for a group of GI disorders characterized by inflammation of the intestines, particularly the colon. characteristic features include abdominal pain or cramps, straining at stool (tenesmus) and frequent passage of watery diarrhea orstools containing blood and mucus
dysentery
27
postprandial epigastric discomfort
dyspepsia
28
difficulty swallowing
dysphagia
29
abnormal tissue development, alteration in size, shape, and organization of cells
dysplasia
30
having no teeth
edentulous
31
repeatedly having bowel movements in places other than the toilet after the age when bowel control can normally be expected
encopresis
32
a disease of the intestinal tract (e.g. gluten or protein losing)
enteropathy
33
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
ERCP
34
expulsion of swallowed air aka burping
eructation
35
endoscopic ultrasound
EUS
36
a peculiar foul-smelling odor of the breath characteristic of hepatic disease (caused by volatile aromatic substances that accumulate in the blood and urine d/t defective hepatic metabolism)
fetor hepaticus
37
diagnostic method in which a thin 18-23 gauge needle is used to suck in cells or tissue bits for diagnosis; the sites selected for fine needle aspiration are often guided by radiologists with fluoroscopy, CT, MRI
fine needle aspiration
38
abnormal passageway between two organs
fistula
39
a long narrow opening, crack or cleft: can be a normal groove or furrow (brain or lung) or abnormal break in the skin producing a crack like sore or ulcer
fissure
40
gas or air in the GI tract expelled through the anus .
flatus
41
inflammation of the stomach when distinctive histologic and endoscopic features (3 categories)
gastritis
42
gamma-glutamyl transferase, used to determine the cause fo elevated ALP
if GGT and ALP are both elevated = liver disease
if ALP is elevated but GGT is normal = other (usually bone)
GGT
43
foreign body sensation localized in the neck that does not interfere with swallowing and sometimes is relieved by swallowing
often occurs in the setting of anxiety or OCD
Globus pharyngeus
44
flank ecchymosis secondary to intra-abdominal hemorrhage
grey turner sign
45
protective response in muscle resulting from pain or fear of movement, voluntary versus involuntary
guarding
46
a crunching, rasping sound, synchronous with the heartbeat, heard over the precordium mainly during systole and particularly in the left decubitus position, and in many ocasions associated with muffling of heart sounds
hamman's sign
47
pt supine, doc strikes pt heel. pain upon striking might indicate appendicitis/peritonitis
heel strike
48
vomiting blood
hematemesis
49
passage of bright red blood or marron stools
hematochezia
50
general term used to describe a bulge or protrusion of an organ through the structure or muscle that usually contains it
hernia
51
pain in the calf when the ankle is slowly and gently dorsiflexed (with knee flexed) indicative of DVT
homan's sign
52
yellowish staining of the integument, sclera, and deeper tissues and of the excretions with bile pigments, which are increased in plasma
icterus (jaundice)
53
pt flexes hip against resistance - increased abdominal pain is a positive test
iliopsoas muscle test
54
hernia in which the constriction through defect cannot be easily reduced. circulation still intact
incarcerated hernia
55
plain abdominal x-ray of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder
KUB xray
56
gastric carcinoma that has metastasized to the ovary
krukenberg tumor
57
paraneoplastic syndrome, sudden eruption of multiple seborrheic keratosis caused by a malignancy (can occur with malignant ancanthosis nigricans) think underlying visceral cancer
leser-trelat sign
58
passage of dark-colored, tarry stools, d/t presence of blood altered by digestion
melena
59
lower abdominal pain in the middle of the menstrual cycle
mittelschmerz
60
magnetic resonance cholagniopancreatography
MRCP
61
clinical symptoms of acute glomerulonephritis (hematuria, hypertension, renal failure)
nephritic syndrome
62
a collection of symptoms which occur because the glomeruli in the kidney become leaky and allow protein to pass in urine in large amounts (abnormal)
nephrotic syndrome
63
severe intractable constipation caused by intestinal obstruction
obstipation
64
painful swallowing
odynophagia
65
a person who is 80-90 yo
octogenarian
66
depressed bone marrow production of all cell lines (anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia)
pancytopenia
67
a pinpoint, non-raised round purplish red spot d/t small amounts of blood on skin or mucous membrane
petechia
68
diffuse inflammation of the soft or CT d/t infection (acute pancreatitis)
phlegmon
69
plate or flat plane, usually on a mucous membrane
plakia
70
abnormal presence of gas in the biliary system/bile ducts
pneumobilia
71
abnormal presence of air/gas in the mediastinum, may interfere with respiration and circulation, may lead to pneumothorax or pneumopericardium, occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma or pathology or after diagnostic procedure
pneumomediastinum
72
abnormal presence of air or gas in the peritoneal cavity
pneumoperitoneum
73
spontaneous, small hemorrhage into the skin, mucous membrane, or serosal sruface, reddish purple spots/patches, bigger than petechia but smaller than ecchymosis
purpura
74
pyrexia
fever
75
effortless reflux of liquid or gastric or esophageal food contents in the absence of N/V
regurgitation
76
peristalsis of stomach and esophagus conducted with a closed glottis
retching
77
chewing and swallowing of food that is regurgitated volitionally after meals
rumination
78
serum-ascities albumin gradient = serum albumin minus ascitic fluid albumin
SAAG
79
interaction of cations in FFA released by the action of activated lipase on triglycerides in fat cells - the level of blood calcium may be depressed d/t this process
saponification
80
degenerative loss of skeletal muscle
sarcopenia
81
inflammation of the salivary gland
sialadenitis
82
hiccups, usually benign and self-limited
singultus
83
systemic inflammatory response syndrome
SIRS
84
a malignant intra-abdominal neoplasm metastatic to the umbilicus
sister mary joseph nodule
85
bulky, light colored fatty stools (malabsorption)
steatorrhea
86
ulcer of the colon d/t pressure and irritation of retained fecal masses
stercoral ulcer
87
hernia so tightly compressed in the defect that there is cut off of circulation leading to swelling, emergency as will have bowel necrosis
strangulated hernia
88
occurs when air gets into tissues under the skin. This most often occurs in the skin covering the chest wall or neck, but can also occur in other parts of the body. Consider it when you see a smooth bulging of the skin. When the skin is palpated it produces an unusual crackling sensation as the gas is pushed through the tissue.
subcutaneous emphysema
89
ineffectual and painful straining at stool (or urination)
tenesmus
90
bony prominence protruding from the midline of the hard palate
torus palatinus
91
procedure to reduce portal hypertension
Transvenous intrahepatic protosystemic shunts (TIPS)
92
sign of tetany, inflate BP cuff and wrist flexes, sign of hypocalcemia
trousseau sign
93
migrating thrombophlebitis - red tender nodules under skin primarily on upper extremities that mvoe to different locations (different from erythema nodosum) as well as overt deep vein thrombosis - think cancer, primarily pancreatic
trousseau syndrome
94
genetic syndrome characterized by thickening of the palms adn soles, white patches in the mouth and increased risk of esophageal cancer
tylosis
95
local defect, or excavation, of the surface of an organ or tissue that is produced by the sloughing (shedding) of inflamed necrotic tissue
ulcer
96
stone from the kidney making its way through the ureter to bladder, urine analysis will show hematuria
ureterolithiasis
97
dilated veins
varix/ varices
98
intra-abdominal malignancy (MC: gastric carcinoma) mets to left supraclavicular lymph node
virchow sentinel node
99
queasiness --> retching, forceful ejection of upper gut contents from the mouth
vomiting/emesis
100
dry mouth
xerostomia
101
parasympathetic level, esophagus through tranverse colon
OA, AA (Vagus)
102
parasympathetic level, descendign colon, sigmoid, rectum
S2-S4
| pelvic splachnic nerve
103
sympathetic, level of T12
appendix
104
sympathetic, level of T2-T8
esophagus
105
sympathetic, level of T5-T9
stomach
106
sympathetic, level of T6-T9
liver, gallbladder
107
sympathetic, level of T5-T9, T9-T12
small intestine
108
sympathetic level of T9-L2
colon
109
sympathetic, level of T5-T11
pancreas
