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Term 3 > #Terminology / Psychiatry > Flashcards

#Terminology / Psychiatry Flashcards

root = green pre = red suffix = blue

1
Q

anxi

A

uneasy, anxious,
distressed

example: axiolytic

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2
Q

hallucin

A

hallucination

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3
Q

Hypn (Hypnosis)

A

sleep

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4
Q

iatr (psychiatrist)

A

treatment

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5
Q

ment

A

mind

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6
Q

phil (paraphilia)

A

attraction to , love

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7
Q

phren (schizophrenia)

A

mind

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8
Q

psych (psycosis)

A

mind

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9
Q

schiz (schizoid)

A

split

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10
Q

somat (Psychosomatic)

A

body

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11
Q

somn (dyssomnia)

A

sleep

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12
Q

mania (kleptomania)

A

obsessive preoccupation

وسواس فکری

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13
Q

phobia

A

fear ( irrational and

disabling)

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14
Q

phoria (euphoria)

A

feeling, bearing

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15
Q

thymia (dysthymia)

A

mind

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16
Q

algesia (hypoalgesia)

A

pain

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17
Q

Esthesia (cryoesthesia)

A

sense

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18
Q

geusia (parageusia)

A

taste

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19
Q

opia (nyctalopia)

A

vision

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20
Q

opsia (heteropsia)

A

vision

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21
Q

osmia

A

smell

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22
Q

amnesia

A

Loss of memory

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23
Q

apathy

A

Absence of emotions

بی علاقگی

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24
Q

autism

A

Severe lack of responsiveness to others, preoccupation with

inner thoughts; withdrawal and retarded language development

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25
Q

compulsion

A

Uncontrollable urge to perform an act repeatedly

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26
Q

conversion

A

Anxiety becomes a bodily symptom, such as blindness, deafness,

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27
Q

delusion

A

A fixed, false belief that cannot be changed by logical reasoning
or evidence

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28
Q

dissociation

A

تفکیک
Uncomfortable feelings are separated from their real object. In
order to avoid mental distress, the feelings are redirected
toward a second object or behavior pattern

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29
Q

dysphoria

A

Sadness, hopelessness; depressive mood

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30
Q

euphoria

A

Exaggerated feeling of well-being(high).

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31
Q

hallucination

A

توهم
False or unreal sensory perception as, for example, hearing
voices none are present.

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32
Q

labile

A

ناپایدار

Unstable; undergoing rapid emotional change

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33
Q

mania

A

State of excessive excitability; hyperactivity and agitation

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34
Q

mutism

A

Nonreactive state; stupor

35
Q

obsession

A

An involuntary, persistent idea or emotion

36
Q

paranoia

A

Delusions persecution or grandeur or combination of the two

37
Q

Phobic disorders

A

اختلالات فوبیک

The patient with a phobic disorder goes to
extreme lengths to avoid the object of her or his fear. Panic attacks can occur in
anticipation of the phobic situation.

38
Q

Agoraphobia

A

is the fear of being alone or in open, crowded, public

39
Q

social phobia

A

is the fear of situations in which the
individual is open to public scrutiny, which could result in possible embarrassment
and humiliation. Fear of speaking in public, using public lavatories, or eating in
public are examples of social phobias.

40
Q

claustrophobia

A

fear of closed-in places

41
Q

acrophobia

A

fear of heights

42
Q

zoophobia

A

fear of animals

43
Q

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

involves recurrent thoughts(obsessions)
and repetitive acts (compulsions) that dominate the patient’s behavior. The
patient experiences anxiety if he or she is prevented from performing special
rituals, which are used to shield against overwhelming anxiety or fear

44
Q

Post-traumatic stress disorder

A

is the development of symptoms (intense fear,

helplessness, insomnia, nightmares etc.) following exposure to a traumatic event.

45
Q

Delirium and dementia

A

are both disorders of abnormal cognition (mental

processes of thinking, perception, reasoning, judgement).

46
Q

Delirium

A

is acute, temporary disturbance of consciousness and mental confusion.
It is characterized by rambling, irrelevant, or incoherent speech, sensory
misperceptions, and disorientation as to time, place, or person and by memory
impairment.

47
Q

what are the causes of delirium?

A

Delirium is caused by a variety of conditions, including drug
intoxication or withdrawal, seizures or head trauma, and metabolic disturbances
such as hypoxia, hypoglycemia, electrolyte imbalances, or hepatic or renal failure.

48
Q

Delirium tremens

A

هذیان الکلی

is brought on by withdrawal after prolonged periods of heavy alcohol ingestion.
با قطع مصرف الکل پس از دوره های طولانی مصرف الکل ایجاد می شود.

49
Q

Dementia

A

is a general more gradual loss of intellectual abilities

زوال عقل

50
Q

what are the causes of “Dementia” ?

A

Dementia may be caused by conditions, some reversible and some progressive, involving damage to the brain. The most common cause is Alzheimer disease, but others are cerebrovascular disease(stroke), central nervous system infection, brain trauma, tumors, and Parkinson and Huntington disease.

51
Q

Dissociative Disorders

A

اختلالات تجزیه ای

Dissociative disorders are chronic or sudden disturbances of memory, identity, consciousness, or perception of the environment that are not caused by the direct effects of brain damage or drug abuse.

اختلالات تجزیه ای اختلالات مزمن یا ناگهانی حافظه، هویت، هوشیاری یا ادراک از محیط هستند که در اثر اثرات مستقیم آسیب مغزی یا سوء مصرف مواد ایجاد نمی شوند.

52
Q

dissociative identity disorder

A

وجود دو یا چند شخصیت متمایز در درون فرد است که بر رفتار فرد تسلط دارند

is the existence within the individual of two or more distinct
personalities that take hold of the individual’s behavior.

53
Q

dissociative amnesia

A

inability to remember important personal information that is too extensive to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness

54
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

is a refusal to maintain a minimally normal body weight. An individual is intensely afraid of gaining weight and has a disturbance in the perception of the shape or size of her or his body.

55
Q

Hypomania

A

جنون خفیف
describes a mood resembling mania, but of lesser intensity.
خلق و خوی شبیه شیدایی را توصیف می کند، اما با شدت کمتر.

56
Q

Bipolar (I)

A

is one or more manic episodes, often alternating with major depressive episodes.

57
Q

Bipolar (II)

A

is recurrent major depressive episodes alternating with hypomanic episodes.

58
Q

Cyclothymic disorders

A

mild form of bipolar disorder

59
Q

Major depression

A

involves episodes of severe dysphoria (sadness, helplessness, worry, discouragement). Other
symptoms are appetite disturbances and changes in weight, sleep disorders such as insomnia or hypersomnia, fatigue or low energy, feelings of worthlessness,
hopelessness, or excessive or inappropriate guilt, difficulty thinking or concentrating, and recurrent thought of death or suicide.

60
Q

Dysthymia

A

persistent mild depression.

61
Q

seasonal affective (mood) disorder (SAD)

A

A change from depression to mania or hypomania also may occur within a 60-day period from mid-February to mid-April.

62
Q

Personality Disorders

A

Personality traits are established patterns of thinking and ways of relating to and perceiving the environment and one’s self; however, when these traits become
inflexible and rigid, causing impairment of functioning, distress, and conflict with others, they constitute personality disorders. Examples of personality disorders are as follows

63
Q

antisocial

A

No loyalty to or concern for others, and without moral standards;

64
Q

borderline

A

Instability in interpersonal relationships and sense of self;

65
Q

histrionic

A

Emotional, attention-seeking, immature, and dependent; irrational outbursts and tantrums;

66
Q

narcissistic

A

Grandiose sense of self-importance or uniqueness and preoccupation with fantasies of success and power

67
Q

Narcissism

A

is a pervasive interest in one’s self with a lack of empathy for others.

68
Q

paranoid

A

Continually suspicious and mistrustful of other people but not to a psychotic or delusional degree;

69
Q

schizoid

A

Emotionally cold and aloof; indifferent to praise or criticism or to the feelings of others;

70
Q

Psychotherapy

A

This is the treatment of emotional problems by using psychological techniques.
The following are psychological techniques used by psychiatrists, psychologists, and other mental health professionals.

71
Q

Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT).

A

Conditioning (changing behavior patterns and responses by training and repetition) is used to relieve anxiety and treat phobias and other disorders.

شرطی سازی (تغییر الگوهای رفتاری و پاسخ ها با تمرین و تکرار) برای تسکین اضطراب و درمان فوبیا و سایر اختلالات استفاده می شود

72
Q

Group Therapy

A

A group of patients with similar problems gains insight into their own personalities through discussions and interaction with each other.

73
Q

Hypnosis

A

A trance (state of altered consciousness) is created to increase the speed of psychotherapy or to help recovery of deeply repressed memories.

74
Q

Insight-Oriented Psychotherapy.

A

Face-to-face discussion of life problems and associated feelings.

روان درمانی بینش گرا

75
Q

Play Therapy.

A

Therapy in which a child, through play, uses toys to express conflicts and feelings that he or she is unable to communicate in a direct manner.

76
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

allowing patients to bring their unconscious emotions to the surface.

77
Q

Supportive Psychotherapy

A

Offering encouragement, support, and hope to patients facing difficult life transitions and events

78
Q

Electroconvulsive Therapy

A

A treatment in which an electric current is applied to

the brain while the patient is anesthetized, paralyzed, and being ventilated.

79
Q

Antianxiety and antipanic agents

A

These drugs lessen anxiety, tension, and agitation, especially when they are associated with panic attacks.

80
Q

Anti-obsessive-compulsive disorder agents. (OCD)

A

These drugs are prescribed to relieve the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

81
Q

Antipsychotics (neuroleptics)

A

These drugs modify psychotic symptoms and

behavior.

82
Q

Hypnotics

A

These drugs are used to produce sleep and relieve insomnia. Examples are sedatives and benzodiazepines

83
Q

Mood stabilizers

A

These drugs treat the manic episodes of bipolar illness. Lithium is commonly used to reduce the levels of manic symptoms

84
Q

Stimulants

A

These drugs (amphetamines) are prescribed for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children.

این داروها (آمفتامین ها) برای اختلال کم توجهی بیش فعالی در کودکان تجویز می شوند.

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