Terminology + Grammar Flashcards
Affix
A grammatical element that is combines with a word, stem, or phrase to produce derived and inflicted forms
Derivation
The process or device of adding affixes to or changing the shape but of a base, thereby assigning the result. As in service from serve, song to sing, and hardness to hard
Derivative or Derived Word
A word formed from another word, by a derivation, atomic from atom, or electricity from electric. Also: a word formed from another word by a prefix or suffix, an internal modification, or some other change; word which takes its origin from the root.
Infix
An inflectional or derivational element appearing in the body of a word. English had none
Inflection or inflectional
An alteration of the form of a word by the addition of an affix, as in English: dogs from dog, or by changing the form of a base as in English spoke from speak, that indicates grammatical features such as number, Persian , mood, or tense
Inflect or Inflected
To alter (a word) by inflection
Prefix
An affix, such as dis- in disbelief, attached to the from of a work to produce a derivative or an inflected form. Basically a prefix occurs at the beginning of a word or stem, such as in the words Sub/mit, pre/determined, and in/willing
Root word
The foundation and basic definition of the word
Suffix
An affix added to the end of a word or stem, serving to form a new word or functioning as an inflectional ending, such as -ness in gentleness, -ing in walking, or -s in sits
A-, an-
Not or without
Ab-
Away from
Abdomin(o)
Around the belly
-ac
Pertaining to
Aden(I)(o)
In reference to a gland
Adren(o)
Pertaining to the adrenal glands
Adip(o)
Fat
Alba-
White
-algia
Pain
Ambi-
Both sides
An-
Not or without
Angi(o)
Blood vessel
Anis(o)
Unequal
Ancyl(o), ankyl(o)
Bending or crooked
Anti-
Against each other
Arteri(o)
Of an artery
Arthr(o)
Of a joint
-asthenia
Weakness
Auricul(o)
Referring to the ear
Aur(o)
Referring to the ear
Auscult(o)
To listen
Aut(o)
Self
Axill(o)
Under the arm
Bio-
Life
Blasting(o)
Immature cell, budding
Brachi(o)
Limb
Brachy-
Short
Bronch(i), bronchi(o)
Lungs
Bucc(o)
Cheek
Carcin(a)(o)
Referring to the heart
Cata-
Down
-centisis
Surgical puncture of
Cephal(o)
Head
Chem(o)
Chemically induced
Chondr(o)
Cartilage
Chrom-
Color
-cide
Kill or destroy
Circum
Surrounding another
Col-, colo-, colono-
Colon
Copr(o)
Feces
Crani
Head
Crypt(o)
Hidden
Cutane(o)
Skin
Cyan(o)
A blue color
Cyst(i)(o)
Relating to urinary bladder
-cyte
Cell
Dactyl
Fingers/toes
Dent(i)
Tooth
Derm(o), dermat(o)
Skins
Dips(o)
Thirst
Dors(I)(o)
The back
Dys-
Bad or difficulty
Ect(o)
Out or outside
-ectomy
Removal or excision
-edema
Removal and excision
-emesis
Vomit
-emis
Condition of the blood
Encephal(o)-
Brain
Endo-
Within
Enter(o)
Relating to intestine
Epi-
Above, upon
Epitheli(o)
Skin
Erythr(o)
Red
Ex-
Out or away from
Extra-
Outside
Fibr(i)
Fever
Fibr(o)
Fiber
Gastr(o)
Refers to the stomach
Gest(o)
Pregnancy
Gingiv(o)
Refers to the gums
Glauc(o)
Bluish-grey color
-globin
Protein
Gloss(o)
Tongue
Gluc(o)
Glucose or sugar
Glycol-
Sugar
-Gram
Record
-graph
Instrument for recording
-helminth
Worm
Hemat-, haemato-, hema(a)(o)
Referring to blood
Hepat(o)
referring to the liver
Histi(o)
Tissue
Hist((o)
Tissue
Humer(o)
Humorous or upper arm
Hydr(o)
Water
Hyper-
Beyond or above normal
Hyp(o)
Below normal
Hyster(o)
Uterus
-iac
Pertaining to
-ic
Pertaining to
-ical
Pertaining to
Infra-
Below
Inguin(o)
Groin
Inter-
Between
Intra-
Within
-ism
Process or condition
Iso-
Equal
-ist
A specialist
-itis
Inflammation
-ium
Tissue
Jaund(o)
Yellow
Kerat(o)
Cornea or hard tissue
Lacrim(o)
Tears (in eye)
Lact(I)(o)
Milk
Lapar
Abdomen, abdominal wall
-lapse
To fall or slide
Laryng(o)
Pertaining to the larynx
-lepsy
Surgery
Leuk(o)
White
Lip(o)
Fat
Lith(o)
Stone
-logy
Study of
Lumb(o)
Lower back
Lux(o)
To slide
Lymph(o)
Lymph
Lypsis
Destruction
Lys(o)
Separate into parts
Macr(o)
Large
-mal
Bad
Mamm(o)
Pertaining to the breast
Mandibul(o)
Pertaining to the jaw bone
Mast(o)-
Breast tissue
Maxill(o)
Upper jaw bone
Mega
Enlargement
Megal(o)
Enlargement
-megaly
Enlargement
Melan(o)
Black
-graphy
Process of recording
Metacarp(o)
Bones of the front paw
Mengi(o)
Membrane surrounding the Brian/spine
Metastasis
Bones of the rear paw
-meter
Measure
Method(o)
Procedure or technique
Metri(o)
Uterus
Micr(o)
Small/little
Morph(o)
Form or shape
-mortem
Death
Muc(o)
Mucus
Muscul(o)
Muscle
My(o)
Muscle
Myel(o)
Bone marrow, or spinal cord
Narc
Sleep
Nas(o)
Nose
Necr(o)
Death
Neo-
New
Nephr(o)
Kidney
Neur
Nerves
Nutria(o)
To nourish
Ocul
Eye
Odont(o)
Tooth
Odyn(o)
Pain
-oid
Resembles or looks like
Olig(o)
Scant
-oma
Tumor, bulk, volume
Onych(o)
Finger or toe nail
Oo-
Egg
Ophthalm(o)
Eye
-opsy
To view
Or(o)
Mouth
Orchid(o)
Testes, testicle
Orchi (o)
Testes, testicle
-orexia
Appetite
Organ(o)
Organ
Orth(o)
Straight
-osis
Condition or disease
Ossi-
Bone
Osse(o)
Bone
Ost(e)
Bone
Oste(o)
Bone
Ot(o)
Ear
Ov(o)
Egg
Ovari(o)
Ovary
-oxie
Oxygen
Palliate(o)
Soothe or relieve
Palpeb(o)
Eyelid
Palp(o)
To gently touch
Palpate
To gently touch
Pan
All
Pancreat(o)
Pancreas
Para-
Alongside or beside
-paresis
Weakness
Path(o)
Disease
-pathy
Disease or emotion
Ped(o)
Foot
Pelv(i)(o)
Pelvis or hip bone
-apnia
Deficiency
-pepsia
Digestion, digestive tract
Peri-
Surrounding
Peritone
Peritoneum
-phage
Eating or digesting
-phagia
Eating or digesting
Phag(o)
Eating or digesting
Pharmac(o)-
Drug
Phleb(o)
Vein
Plant(o)
Bottom of the foot
-plasia
Formation or development
-plasty
The surgical care of
-plegia
Paralysis
Plex(o)
Network of nerves
-pnea
Breathing
Pneum(o)-
Lungs or air
Pod(o)
Foot
-poiesis
The production or making of
Poikil(o)
Varied or irregular
Poly-
Many or excessive
-prandial
Meal
Pre-
In front of or before
Pro-
In front of or before
Proxim(o)
Near
Prurit(o)
Itching
Pseudo-
False
Psych(o)(e)
Pertaining to the mind
-ptosis
Droop or sag
Pulmon(o)
Lungs
Pyo-
Pus
Pyrex(o)
Fever
Quadr(i)
Four
Radi(o)
X-ray
Ren(o)
Kidney
Rhin(o)
Nose
-rrhage
Excessive flow or discharge
-rrhag(ia)
Excessive flow or discharge (blood)
-rrhea
Excessive flow or discharge
Sarc(o)
Flesh-like
Scler(o)
Hardening
-scope
Instrument for viewing or an exam
-scopy
To view
Sinistr(o)
Left
-sis
A condition of
Splen(o)
Spleen
Spandyl(o)
Vertebrae or spleen
-stasis
To stop or control
-static
To stop or control
Sten(o)
Narrowing
Steth(o)-
Chest
Stom(a)
Mouth or oral cavity
Stomat(o)
Mouth or oral cavity
Sub
Beneath or below
Supra
Above or beyond
Tachy
Rapid or fast
Tars(o)
Hind foot
Therm(o)
Heat
Thorac(o)
Chest
Trans
Across
Thromb(o)
To clot
-tocia
To give birth
-tomy
To cut
-trophy
Development or growth
Tympan(o)
Ear drum or middle ear
-ula
Small or little
-ule
Small or little
Un(i)
One
-uria
Urine
Ur(o)
Urine or urinary tract
Vas(o)-
Duct or blood vessel
Vascul(o)
Duct or blood vessel
Ven(i)(o)
Vein
Ventr(o)
Front side
Volemia
Blood pressure
-y
The process or condition of
Zo(o)
Animal life