Terminology/Concepts

Question 1

Epidemiology

Answer 1

study of distribution and determinants of health-related states among specified populations and the application of that study to control health problems

Question 2

Incidence

Answer 2

measure of the number of new cases of a characteristic that develop in a population in a specified time period

Question 3

Prevalence

Answer 3

proportion of a population who have a specific characteristic in a given time period, regardless of when they first developed the characteristic

Question 4

Study Designs in Epidemiology

Answer 4

Case Reports

Cross-Sectional Studies

Case-Control Studies

Cohort Studies

Question 5

Case Report

Answer 5

a detailed description of the disease occurrence in a single person

Question 6

Cross Sectional

Answer 6

a sample of people from a population is enrolled and their exposures and health outcomes are measure simultaneously

Question 7

Case-Control

Answer 7

compares two groups of people:
- those with the disease or condition under study
- very similar group of people who do not have the disease (control)

Question 8

Cohort

Answer 8

a group of people with a common characteristic is followed over time to find how many reach a certain health outcome of interest

Question 9

Health Screenings

Answer 9

public health intervention intended to improve the health of a precisely defined target population

Question 10

Risk Associated with Health Screenings

Answer 10

1. False negatives can cause a false sense of security and lead to worsening of the disease
2. False positives can cause alarm and lead to unnecessary additional tests