Terminology Flashcards
Describe a macule.
Primary lesion
- flat
- <1cm (small)
- must be different color
Describe a patch.
Primary lesion
- flat
- >1cm
- must be different color
(large macule)
Describe a papule.
Primary lesion
- raised
- <1cm (small)
- no fluid
(raised macule)
Describe a nodule.
Primary lesion
- raised (rounded?)
- >1cm (larger)
- no fluid
Describe a plaque.
Primary lesion
- raised (plateau-like)
- >1cm (larger)
- no fluid
Describe a vesicle.
Primary lesion
- raised
- <1cm (small)
- fluid filled
(fluid filled papule)
Describe a pustule.
Primary lesion
- raised
- <1cm (small)
- pus filled
(pus filled vesicle)
Describe a bulla.
Primary lesion
- raised
- >1cm
- fluid filled
(large vesicle)
Describe a scale.
Secondary lesion
- flaky
- dry
Describe a crust.
Secondary lesion
-dried exudate (pus, blood, serous fluid)
Describe a fissure.
Secondary lesion
-linear break through epidermis into dermis
(as opposed to ulcer which is a loss
Describe an ulcer.
Secondary lesion
-loss of portion of epidermis and some dermis
(as opposed to an erosion which does not go through basement membrane or involve dermis)
Describe an erosion.
Secondary lesion
-loss of epidermis (fully or partially), but basement membrane intact
(as opposed to an ulcer which is through basement membrane)
Describe an excoriation.
Secondary lesion
-mechanical abrasion
Describe a necrosis.
Secondary lesion
-area of dead skin
Describe skin atrophy.
Secondary lesion
-thinning of layer(s) of skin
Describe lichenification.
- thickening of skin
- exageration of skin markings
Describe a scar.
Secondary lesion
- replacement of lost tissue with fibrous tissue
- can be raised or depressed
Describe acantholysis.
Where is it seen?
Histologic finding
- seperation of keratinocytes -> vesicles and bullae
- pemphigus vulgaris
Describe acanthosis.
Where is it seen?
Histologic finding
- epidermal hyperplasia
- acanthosis nigricans
- psoriasis
Describe hypergranulosis.
Where is it seen?
Histologic finding
- thickening of the stratum granulosum
- lichen planus
Describe hyperkeratosis.
Where is it seen?
Histologic finding
-thickening of stratum corneum
-psoriasis
Describe lentiginous.
Histologic finding
-linear proliferation of melanocytes, limited to basal cell layer
Describe parakeratosis.
Where is it seen?
Histologic finding
- retained nuclei in stratum corneum
- psoriasis
- actinic keratosis
Describe spongiosis.
Where is it seen?
Histologic finding
- edema of the epidermis
- eczematous dermatitis
