Terminology Flashcards
proximal
nearest the point of attachment
distal
away from point of origin
medial
toweard the midline
lateral
away from midline
ipsilateral
affecting same side of the body
contralateral
affecting opposite side of the body
unilateral
occurring on one side of the body
bilateral
occurring on both sides of the body
anterior
structure lying toward the front of the patient
posterior
structure lying toward the back of the patient
superior/cranial/caudal
structure closer to patient’s head
inferior
structure lying towards the patient’s feet
superficial
toward or on the body surface
deep
away from the body surface
supine
lying face up
prone
lying face down
sagittal
parallel to the median line, divides into right and left
transverse plane
divides into superior and inferior portions
coronal
divides into anterior and posterior portions
oblique
on a slant from the other planes
ultrasound
sound waves which have a frequency above the audible range of the human ear
acoustics
science of sound including its production, propagation and effects
acoustic wave
mechanical disturbance which propagates through a continuous medium
acoustic window
medium or structure through which the sound travels
gray scale imaging
image displayed in multiple shades of gray
color flow imaging
ability of blood flow to be displayed in multiple colors depending on the velocity and direction of blood flow
duplex imaging
simultaneous display of gray-scale/color and Doppler
Dopper
behavior of sound waves as they reflect off moving fluid; waveform is produced
sector
shape of image; dependent on transducer
transducer
device converting energy from one form to another
frequency
number of cycles per second measured in MHz
shallow penetration
High MHz, (7.5 MHz-15 MHz)
deep penetration
Low MHz (1.5 -5 MHz)
A.L.A.R.A principle
As Low as Reasonably Achievable
anechoic
no internal echoes
echogenic
high volume of echoes, solid white
hyperechoic
contains many echoes
hypoechoic
contains only a few echoes
homogeneous
sense of having a uniform echogenicity
heterogeneous
irregular echogenicity
isoechoic
has same echogenicity as compared to surrounding tissue
solid
defines a mass with no fluid filled areas
cyst
fluid filled mass
complex
mass has both fluid filled and solid components
artifact
part of an image that does not accurately represent the underlying anatomy
shadowing
failure of the sound beam to pass through an object, posterior to a solid structure
acoustic enhancement
increased echo intensity posterior/distal to a fluid filled area
attenuation
weakening of the sound beam as it travels through body tissue
angling
sweeping the beam along its axis
rotating
twisting the transducer in a circular motion while holding it in one place
rocking/ heel-toe
rocking the probe along the curve or rounded portion of the scan head
sliding
moving the probe face along the surface of the skin
