History of sonography

Question 1

Da Vinci

Answer 1

identified the equality between the angle of reflection and angle of incidence

Question 2

Galileo

Answer 2

demonstrated that frequency of sound waves determines pitch

Question 3

Isaac Newton

Answer 3

theory of velocity

Question 4

Robert Boyle

Answer 4

recognized that for sound to travel it has to go through a medium

Question 5

Fresnel

Answer 5

theory of wave diffraction

Question 6

James Joule

Answer 6

described ferromagnetic effect

Question 7

Johann Doppler

Answer 7

effect of motion on sound

Question 8

Currie

Answer 8

piezoelectric effect

Question 9

Langevin

Answer 9

studied sound frequency and intensity in water by studying submerged objects based on the frequency and intensity of sound waves, used hydrophone

Question 10

SONAR

Answer 10

Sound Navigation And Ranging

Question 11

Dussik

Answer 11

used A-mode applications to measure ultrasound profiles, first to apply ultrasound for medical purposes

Question 12

Ludwig

Answer 12

used A-mode to diagnose gallstones and foreign bodies embedded in animal tissue

Question 13

Wild

Answer 13

cancerous tissue thickness differed from normal tissue thickness

Question 14

Reid

Answer 14

together with Wild, developed first B-scan transducer for breast imaging

Question 15

Howry

Answer 15

interest was producing images of anatomy by immersing body part/subject into water

Question 16

Holmes

Answer 16

discovered that moving transducer in two paths created a more anatomical picture

Question 17

Ian Donald

Answer 17

“father of obstetric ultrasound”

Question 18

Hertz & Edler

Answer 18

used A &B-mode techniques to demonstrate first moving pictures of the heart

Question 19

Edler

Answer 19

considered to be the “father of echocardiography”

Question 20

Oksala

Answer 20

first to use frequencies of 10-15 MHz and discovered higher resolution of scans

Question 21

Bronson

Answer 21

combined ultrasound with surgical forceps to develop a hand-held sonar transducer for use in surgery to remove foreign bodies in the eye

Question 22

Maslak

Answer 22

merged computer technology with diagnostic ultrasound, father of modern ultrasound

Question 23

Vidoson

Answer 23

allowed for real time image recording

Question 24

Chapman

Answer 24

formed ASUSTs, 1st president of AIUM

Question 25

Joan Baker

Answer 25

initiated term “sonographer”

Question 26

Strandness

Answer 26

assigned waveform patterns to particular disease

Question 27

compact ultrasound systems

Answer 27

used in battlefields, 3rd world countries, space programs

Question 28

FAST

Answer 28

focused assessment by sonography in trauma

Question 29

elastography

Answer 29

relies on evaluating stiffness of structure using sound waves

Question 30

fusion imaging

Answer 30

combines elastography with MRI/CT to see a structure using technology of both modalities

Question 31

cavitation

Answer 31

formation of gas-filled cavities