Terminology Flashcards
Mastication
Process of chewing, increases surface area so digestive enzymes can break down faster
Heterodont
Teeth of different types (humans)
Homodont
Teeth of only one type (most vertebrates)
Monophyodont
Having only one set of permanent teeth without the deciduous dentition (Beluga whale)
Diphyodont
Having 2 successful sets of teeth (mammals)
Deciduous set of teeth
First set of teeth
Polyphyodont
Teeth are continuously shed and replaced during lifetime, having multiple sets of teeth (shark)
How many teeth in primary dentition?
Usually 20
Centrals, laterals, canines, first molars, second molars
What is the labeling of the primary dentition?
A-J for maxillary
K-T for mandibular
Mixed dentition
Starts as permanent teeth start to erupt while primary teeth are still present
What is the age range for mixed dentition? What is the common first and last teeth?
6 (first molar erupts)
12 (canines)
Succedaneous teeth
Permanent teeth that replace deciduous teeth
How many succedaneous teeth are there?
20
The primary molars are replaced with the ___.
Permanent premolars
Exfoliation
The normal loss of primary teeth after loss of their root structure
Resorption
The breakdown and subsequent loss of the root structure of a tooth
Describe the process of resorption and exfoliation
As permanent tooth descends down / grows, it puts pressure on the root (resorption), when root is all the way gone, the primary tooth exfoliates
Succedaneous tooth
The permanent tooth that replaces a deciduous tooth
Deciduous tooth
The primary tooth that erupts first in the mouth
What separates anterior and posterior teeth?
Posterior teeth are those after the canines
What is the function of incisors?
Cut
What is the function of canines?
Tear
What is the function of premolars?
Chew
Which occurs first: resorption or exfoliation?
Resorption
What is the function of molars?
Grinding
Universal system of permanent teeth
1-32
Universal system of primary teeth
A-T
Palmer notation system
Each quadrant starts at midline 1-8 (permanent) and A-E (primary)
Identify the left mandibular second premolar in palmer notation and universal system
Palmer: #5 of Q3
Universal: #20
Identify the right mandibular lateral incisor in deciduous dentition for palmer and universal notation
Palmer: B of Q4
Universal: Q
Federation dentaire international
Quadrant # then palmer tooth #
Primary quandrants are 5-8
Identify the right maxillary second molar using federation dentaire international notion
17
Identify the primary right mandibular first molar using federation dentaire international notion
84
What is the crown covered with?
Enamel
Apical foramen
Opening at the end of the root where blood and nerve supply enters
The root is covered with?
Cementum
What makes up enamel?
90% inorganic material
What makes up dentin?
70% organic material
The ___ and ___ make up the pulp cavity.
Pulp chamber, pulp canals
Gingival papillae
Gingival tissue in the interproximal space
What are the surfaces of the interproximal space?
Triangle Alveolar bone (base) Proximal surface of teeth (sides) Contact area (tip) Filled with gingiva (gingival papillae)
Cingulum
Lingual lobe of anterior teeth
Makes up bulk of cervical third
Mamelons
Rounded projections on incisal ridge of anterior primary teeth
Get shorter and smoother with function
Tubercle
Enamel only elevation on crown of tooth
What makes up a tubercle?
Enamel only
Which tooth has an oblique ridge?
Maxillary molars
What are the margins of the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth?
Marginal ridges (mesial and distal) and cusp ridges (buccal and lingual)
Differentiate fossa, pits, sulcus, and grooves
Fossa - rounded irregular depression
Pit - pointed depression (deepest part of fossa)
Sulcus - linear depression
Groove - deepest line in sulcus
What is the difference between a lobe and a tubercle?
Lobes contain enamel, dentin, and pulp, while tubercles are enamel only
Curve of Wilson
Curves mediolaterally from frontal view
Touches buccal and lingual cusp of posterior teeth
Mandible should be concave
Maxillary should be convex
Curve of Spee
Curves anterior to posterior in a profile view (side)
Should be flat or slightly concave
Touches buccal cusp tips of posterior teeth
The curve of Wilson should be ___ for the mandibular arch and ___ for the maxillary arch.
Concave, convex
The Curve of ___ goes mediolaterally and the Curve of ___ goes anterior to posterior.
Wilson
Spee
What makes up the periodontium?
Gingiva
Periodontal ligaments
Cementum
Alveolar bone
Which structure of the periodontium is visible clinically in healthy conditions?
Gingiva
Free gingiva
Surrounds cervical area of a tooth, smooth
Aka marginal / unattached
Attached gingiva
Firmly attached to alveolar bone, width can vary, continuous with free gingiva, has stippled texture
What is the texture difference between free gingiva and attached gingiva? What causes this difference?
Free gingiva is smooth while attached gingiva has a stippled texture due to the poreous alveolar bone it is attached to
Free gingiva groove
Line between the free and attached gingiva
Micro-gingival junctions
Area where attached gingiva turns into alveolar mucosa
Alveolar mucosa
Located apical to attached gingiva, looks smooth, shiny, and darker (purplish) color due to blood vessels moving into the apical foramen
Is thin, delicate, and loosely attached
Gingival sulcus
Space between tooth and free gingiva
Starts at gingival margin and ends at junctional epithelium
Periodontal ligament
Surrounds root of tooth, attaches cementum to alveolar bone
Cushions the tooth to occlusal forces (like trampoline)
Made up of a network of fibers
Sharpey’s fibers - terminal portion of periodontal ligament fibers that inserts into the cementum and bone
Sharpey’s fibers
terminal portion of periodontal ligament fibers that inserts into the cementum and bone
Cementum
Exterior layer of root, calcified, allows attachment of periodontal ligament to tooth
Frenum
Narrow band of tissues that attaches movable parts of gum to fixed structure
Attach the lips and cheeks to gingiva and underlying bone
Alveolar bone
Forms and supports socket of the teeth
Alveolar process
Alveolar process is made up of what?
External plate: compact bone
Inner socket wall: alveolar bone proper (lamina dura)
Cancellous trabeculae: supporting alveolar bone
What are the attachment structures of the periodontium?
Cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone
