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Dental Anatomy & Occlusion > Premolars > Flashcards

Premolars Flashcards

1
Q

How many premolar are there per quadrant?

A

2

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2
Q

How many premolars are there in total?

A

8

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3
Q

What is an alternative name for premolars?

A

Bicuspids

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4
Q

How many cusps do premolars have?

A

2

one buccal, one lingual; mandibular 2nd can have 2 lingual

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5
Q

Which cusp in a premolar is larger?

A

Buccal cusp

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6
Q

How many lobes are found in premolars?

A

4 lobes

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7
Q

What ridges are found in premolars?

A

Cusp ridge
transverse ridge
Marginal ridge

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8
Q

How many grooves are seen in premolars?

A

3 (mesiobuccal, distobuccal, central)

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9
Q

What shape is the crown of premolars?

A

Pentagonal (from buccal)

Trapezoidal (from proximal)

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10
Q

The ___ contacts of premolars are GENERALLY higher than the ___ contacts.

A

Mesial (near junction of occlusal and middle thirds)

Distal (more cervical in middle third)

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11
Q

Which proximal contacts are GENERALLY higher in premolars?

A

Mesial

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12
Q

Which premolar is the exception to the proximal contact general trait?

A

Mandibular 1st premolar (mesial contact is more cervical /same level as distal contact)

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13
Q

In the mandibular 1st premolar, the mesial proximal contact is ___ compared to the distal proximal contact.

A

More cervical / same level

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14
Q

In the maxillary 1st premolar, the mesial proximal contact is ___ compared to the distal proximal contact.

A

More occlusal (higher)

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15
Q

All premolar crowns taper towards the ___ from the contact area.

A

Lingual

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16
Q

What is the function of the buccal and lingual contours of premolars?

A

Deflect food away from gingival margin (self-cleaning mechanism)

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17
Q

Where is the buccal height of contour for premolars?

A

Cervical 1/3

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18
Q

Where is the lingual height of contour for premolars?

A

Middle 1/3

Occlusal 1/3 in mandibular 1st

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19
Q

The lingual cusp tip of all premolars is ___ to midroot axis.

A

Mesial

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20
Q

Generally, the ___ marginal ridge of premolars is more occlusal than the ___ marginal ridge. Why?

A

Mesial, distal
Crown tapers from mesial to distal

Exception: mandibular 1st premolar (distal more occlusal)

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21
Q

The distal marginal ridge is more occlusal for the ___ premolar.

A

Mandibular first

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22
Q

For all premolars, The apical third of roots bends ___ more often than ___.

A

Distally, mesially

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23
Q

For all premolars, cervical lines curve ___ on facial / lingual surfaces and curve ___ on proximal surfaces.

A

Apically, occlusally

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24
Q

The ___ cervical line is more convex than the ___ for all premolars.

A

Mesial, distal

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25
Q

Do the anteriors or premolars have a taller crown?

A

Anteriors

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26
Q

Do anteriors or premolars have more curvature of cervical line on mesial and distal?

A

Anteriors

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27
Q

Do anteriors or premolars have broader contact areas?

A

Premolars

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28
Q

Do anteriors or premolars have contact areas more nearly at the same level?

A

Premolars

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29
Q

Are anteriors or premolars wider bucco-lingually than mesio-distally?

A

Premolars

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30
Q

Crowns and roots are shorter for maxillary canines or maxillary first premolars?

A

Maxillary first premolars

31
Q

Maxillary first premolars have ___ crowns and ___ roots compared to maxillary molars.

A

Longer, same length

32
Q

For maxillary first premolars, the tip of the buccal cusp is ___ to midline.

A

Mesial

33
Q

For the maxillary first premolar, which cusp tip is more mesial?

A

Lingual cusp tip (buccal is shifted distally, exception)

34
Q

For the maxillary first premolar, which cusp is taller?

A

Buccal

35
Q

The mesio-lingual developmental groove is a feature of which tooth?

A

Mandibular 1st premolar

36
Q

Describe the marginal ridge of a mandibular first premolar

A

Sloped at 45 degree angle on mesial view

Mesial marginal ridge is more cervical, distal ridge is more occlusal

37
Q

For mandibular first premolar, the buccal HOC is ___ and lingual HOC is ___.

A

Gingival 1/3

Middle to occlusal 1/3

38
Q

Maxillary 2nd premolar buccal cusp is ___ compared to the maxillary 1st.

A

Shorter, rounder, less pointed

39
Q

The single lingual cusp form of the mandibular 2nd premolar is most common. T/F

A

False, the 2 lingual cusp form is most common

40
Q

Compare the buccal cusp tip locations relative to long axis of the mandibular premolars

A

The buccal cusp tip of the mandibular 1st premolar is centered over the root/long axis, while the buccal cusp tip of the mandibular 2nd premolar is not center (more buccal)

41
Q

What occlusal patterns can be seen for mandibular second premolars?

A

HUY
Y: 3 cusps
H/U: 2 cusps

42
Q

The 1st and 2nd ___ premolars are similar, while the ___ are dissimilar.

A

Maxillary

Mandibular

43
Q

What are the main differences between the maxillary and mandibular premolars?

A

Maxillary:

  • -equal cusp height
  • -1st and 2nd similar, but 1st is larger
  • -1 prominent lingual cusp
  • -Crown wider B-L

Mandibular:

  • -Buccal cusp is taller
  • -1st and 2nd dissimilar, 2nd is larger
  • -More than one lingual cusp (less prominent)
  • -equal B-L and M-D (square)
44
Q

The mesial marginal ridge developmental groove is a feature of which tooth?

A

Maxillary first premolar

45
Q

Which premolar has a buccal cusp tip distal to the mid root axis?

A

Maxillary first premolar

46
Q

For premolars, which cusp ridge of the lingual cusp is shorter?

A

Mesial cusp ridge

47
Q

Which way does the lingual cusp of premolars swing?

A

Mesial

48
Q

Which triangular ridge of premolars is slightly larger?

A

Buccal/facial

49
Q

The triangular ridges meet ___ in relation to the midpoint of the occlusal surface.

A

Lingual

50
Q

Proximal contacts are ___ to the center buccolingually.

A

Buccal

51
Q

For both arches, does the first or the second premolar have a shorter lingual cusp?

A

First premolars

52
Q

The first premolar of the ___ arch is larger than the second. The second premolar of the ___ arch is larger than the first.

A

Maxillary

Mandibular

53
Q

Which premolar has a longer mesial cusp ridge for the buccal cusp than distal cusp ridge?

A

Maxillary first premolar

54
Q

Features that distinguish a maxillary first premolar

A
  • -Buccal cusp tip located more distal to mid root axis
  • -Mesial cusp ridge of buccal cusp is longer than distal ridge
  • -Mesial marginal ridge developmental groove
  • -Mesial crown concavity (developmental depression)
  • -Bifurcated root
  • -Longest crown of maxillary posterior teeth

From maxillary second

  • -Lingual cusp shorter than buccal (almost equal in 2nd)
  • -Taller, pointier buccal cusp
  • -Longer central groove (M/D pits are closer to MRs)
  • -Thinner MRs, less supplemental grooves, buccal line angles are sharpest in the mouth
55
Q

Which tooth has the longest crown of the maxillary posterior teeth?

A

Maxillary first premolar

56
Q

Which premolar has a mesial crown concavity (developmental depression)?

A

Maxillary first premolar

57
Q

Does the maxillary first or second premolar have a longer central groove? Why?

A

Maxillary first premolar, the mesial and distal pits are closer to the marginal ridges

58
Q

Which premolar has two bifurcated roots?

A

Maxillary first premolar

59
Q

A 3 cusp mandibular second premolar has a tranverse ridge. T/F

A

False

60
Q

Which premolar is most likely to be congenitally missing?

A

Mandibular second premolar

61
Q

Which premolar is most likely to have a central pit?

A

Mandibular second premolar

62
Q

A 2 cusp mandibular second premolar develops from ___ lobes and a 3 cusp develops from ___ lobes.

A

4, 5

63
Q

Key features to distinguish a mandibular second premolar

A
  • -Can have 3 cusp (no transverse ridge in that case)
  • -HUY occlusal anatomy
  • -Lingual divergence (tapers buccally, if 2 lingual cusps)
  • -Premolar most likely to have 1 root 1 canal
  • -Mesial root surface doesn’t have mid root depression (only premolar root surface to not)

From mandibular first premolar

  • -Horizontal mesial MR (mand. first slopes at 45 degrees)
  • -Mesial contact more occlusal
64
Q

Which premolar is most likely to have 1 root and 1 canal?

A

Mandibular second premolar

65
Q

The root surface of which premolar is the only premolar root surface without a mid root depression?

A

Mesial root surface of mandibular second premolar

66
Q

The apex of the root of which tooth is close to the mental foramen? What can happen due to this?

A

Mandibular second premolar, can be mistaken for periapical pathology

67
Q

Which premolar has the narrowest and smallest root?

A

Mandibular first premolar

68
Q

Key features to distinguish mandibular first premolar

A
  • -Mesial contact more cervical than distal contact
  • -Mesiolingual groove (separates MMR from lingual cusp)
  • -MMR at different angle than DMR (45 degree slope towards lingual)
  • -MMR more cervical than DMR
  • -Most prominent transverse ridge

From mandibular second premolar
–Buccal profile visible from lingual view

69
Q

Which tooth has a mesial marginal ridge that slopes at a different angle than the distal marginal ridge?

A

Mandibular first premolar

MMR slopes at 45 degree angle down towards lingual

70
Q

The central groove of mandibular premolars in centered to mid root axis. T/F

A

False, the central groove is offset to lingual, due to buccal TRs being long and lingual TRs being short

71
Q

Which premolar has the most prominent transverse ridge?

A

Mandibular first premolar

72
Q

Which teeth have the steepest triangular ridge slopes?

A

Maxillary premolars

73
Q

Differences between maxillary and mandibular premolars

A

Maxillary

  • -More similar
  • -1st premolar larger
  • -More prominent lingual cusp
  • -Wider buccolingually (fatter)
  • -Steeper triangular ridges
  • -More prominent buccal ridge

Mandibular

  • -Dissimilar
  • -2nd premolar larger
  • -Square
  • -Crown tilts to lingual
74
Q

In a mandibular second premolar with 3 cusps, order the cusps by size.

A

Buccal > ML > DL

Dental Anatomy & Occlusion (4 decks)

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