Terminology Flashcards
somatognosia
body scheme disorder
agnosia
inability to recognize familiar objects with one sensory modality while retaining ability to recognize same object with other sensory modalities (ie don’t know clock by sight, but do know by sound = visual agnosia)
apraxia
inability to perform voluntary, learned movements in the absence of loss of sensation, strength, coordination, attention, or comprehension; represents a breakdown in the conceptual system or motor production system or both
ideomotor apraxia
pt cannot perform the task on command, but can do the task when left on own
ideational apraxia
pt cannot perform the task at all, either on command or on own
pt no longer “gets the idea” of how to do a movement
akinesia
inability to initiate movement
aphasia
disturbance to language that results in errors in word choice, comprehension or syntax
- Broca’s/expressive: sever difficulty in verbal expression with impairment in object naming and writing abilities. Mostly found in those with R hemiplegia
- Global: most common and severe form of aphasia characterized by reduced speech and comprehension. Reading and writing are impaired as well
- Wernicke’s/receptive: severe disturbance in auditory comprehension. Reading, writing, and word recognition are also impaired
Astereognosis
inability to recognize objects by touch alone
Asynergia
inability to move muscles together in a coordinated manner
Ataxia
uncoordinated movement, especially gait
Athetosis
slow, involuntary, worm-like, twisting motions. Usually seen in forms of cerebral palsy
Causalgia
burning sensations, which are painful. Often associated with complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (formerly reflex sympathetic dystrophy)
Dyssynergia
impaired ability to associate mm together for one complex mvmt
dysmetria
impaired ability to jedge the distance or range of mvmt
dysdiadochokinesia
impaired ability to perform rapid alternativing mvmts
akinesia
inability to initiate mvmt
cheyne-stokes respiration
common/bizare breathing pattern (apnea 10-60s), then gradually increaseing, then decreaseing depth and freq
- accompanies depression of frontal lobe and diencephalic dysfxn
- postulated to be a result of an abnormality in the neurologic respiration center
- can occur with sever cases of TBI or CHF
chorea
rapid, involuntary, jerky mvmt
- seen esp. in Huntingon’s
clonus
rhythmic oscillation of m in response to sustained stretch in pts with UMN disease
decerebrate rigidity
contraction of EXT mm of UE and LE bc of injury at level of brain stem
decorticate rigidity
contraction of LE EXT / UE FLX
delirium
temporary confusion and loss of mental fxn
- often result of illness, drug toxicity, lack of O2
- often reversible
dementia
loss of memory or intellectual fxning
- may be reversible if caused by toxins, drugs, metabolic or psychiatric disorders
- often slowly progressive and nonreversible if result of alcoholism, Alzheimer’s, infarction, Parkinsons…
dysmetria
inability to judge distances
- seen esp with Cb dysfxn
electromyography (EMG)
study of graphic record of contraction of a m as a result of electrical stim
used to evaluate voluntary electrical activity of a m
glove and stocking anesthesia
can occur in generalized peripheral neuropathies in which the distal portions of the nn degenerate resulting in anesthesia of distal extremities
- occasionally seen in Guillain-Baree
herpes zoster (shingles)
- painful inflammation of posterior root ganglion
- caused by virus
- dermatome Sx
horner’s syndrome
ptosis of eyelid, contriction of pupil, lack of sweating of IL face
- often accompanies AICA/PICA stroke
morton’s neuroma
- excessive pronation during stance prodcues compression between 3rd and 4th metatarsals
- nerve can enlarge, forming neuroma on interdigital n resulting in metatarsalgia
nerve conduction velocity test (NCV)
determines speed of propagation of an AP along a n or m fiber
- if n compressed/damaged: velocity is slowed and latency is increased
- used to determine the severity of n compression prior to surgery
nystagmus
rapid, usually back and forth, movement of eyeballs
reciprocal inhibition
inhibition of mm antagonistic to those being facilitated
essential for coordinated mvmt
romberg’s sign
loss of balance in standing when eyes are closed
somatognosia
lack of awareness of relationship of one’s own body parts or the body parts of others
vegetative state
deep coma with abnormal posturing
pt may not have rehabilitation potential if this state persists
visual acuity
sharpness of vision that generally decreases with age or certain disabilities such as diabetes
- may need reading glasses to focus on or ready things near by
- decreased ability to adapt to very dark or light environments and may need more or higher intensity lighting at home or use color contrasts on walls, floors, and stairs to increase safety
visual field deficits: homonymous hemianopsia
deficit of either R or L halves of the visual field
- caused by damage to CL optic tract
visual field deficits: bitemporal hemianopsia
deficit of temporal or peripheral visual fields
- caused by injury at the optic chiasm
- aka tunnel vision
visual field deficits: blindness in one eye
result of damage to optic nerve
- aka monocular blindness
