Terminology

Question 1

somatognosia

Answer 1

body scheme disorder

Question 2

agnosia

Answer 2

inability to recognize familiar objects with one sensory modality while retaining ability to recognize same object with other sensory modalities (ie don’t know clock by sight, but do know by sound = visual agnosia)

Question 3

apraxia

Answer 3

inability to perform voluntary, learned movements in the absence of loss of sensation, strength, coordination, attention, or comprehension; represents a breakdown in the conceptual system or motor production system or both

Question 4

ideomotor apraxia

Answer 4

pt cannot perform the task on command, but can do the task when left on own

Question 5

ideational apraxia

Answer 5

pt cannot perform the task at all, either on command or on own
pt no longer “gets the idea” of how to do a movement

Question 6

akinesia

Answer 6

inability to initiate movement

Question 7

aphasia

Answer 7

disturbance to language that results in errors in word choice, comprehension or syntax

• Broca’s/expressive: sever difficulty in verbal expression with impairment in object naming and writing abilities. Mostly found in those with R hemiplegia
• Global: most common and severe form of aphasia characterized by reduced speech and comprehension. Reading and writing are impaired as well
• Wernicke’s/receptive: severe disturbance in auditory comprehension. Reading, writing, and word recognition are also impaired

Question 8

Astereognosis

Answer 8

inability to recognize objects by touch alone

Question 9

Asynergia

Answer 9

inability to move muscles together in a coordinated manner

Question 10

Ataxia

Answer 10

uncoordinated movement, especially gait

Question 11

Athetosis

Answer 11

slow, involuntary, worm-like, twisting motions. Usually seen in forms of cerebral palsy

Question 12

Causalgia

Answer 12

burning sensations, which are painful. Often associated with complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (formerly reflex sympathetic dystrophy)

Question 13

Dyssynergia

Answer 13

impaired ability to associate mm together for one complex mvmt

Question 14

dysmetria

Answer 14

impaired ability to jedge the distance or range of mvmt

Question 15

dysdiadochokinesia

Answer 15

impaired ability to perform rapid alternativing mvmts

Question 16

akinesia

Answer 16

inability to initiate mvmt

Question 17

cheyne-stokes respiration

Answer 17

common/bizare breathing pattern (apnea 10-60s), then gradually increaseing, then decreaseing depth and freq

• accompanies depression of frontal lobe and diencephalic dysfxn
• postulated to be a result of an abnormality in the neurologic respiration center
• can occur with sever cases of TBI or CHF

Question 18

chorea

Answer 18

rapid, involuntary, jerky mvmt

- seen esp. in Huntingon’s

Question 19

clonus

Answer 19

rhythmic oscillation of m in response to sustained stretch in pts with UMN disease

Question 20

decerebrate rigidity

Answer 20

contraction of EXT mm of UE and LE bc of injury at level of brain stem

Question 21

decorticate rigidity

Answer 21

contraction of LE EXT / UE FLX

Question 22

delirium

Answer 22

temporary confusion and loss of mental fxn

• often result of illness, drug toxicity, lack of O2
• often reversible

Question 23

dementia

Answer 23

loss of memory or intellectual fxning

• may be reversible if caused by toxins, drugs, metabolic or psychiatric disorders
• often slowly progressive and nonreversible if result of alcoholism, Alzheimer’s, infarction, Parkinsons…

Question 24

dysmetria

Answer 24

inability to judge distances

- seen esp with Cb dysfxn

Question 25

electromyography (EMG)

Answer 25

study of graphic record of contraction of a m as a result of electrical stim
used to evaluate voluntary electrical activity of a m

Question 26

glove and stocking anesthesia

Answer 26

can occur in generalized peripheral neuropathies in which the distal portions of the nn degenerate resulting in anesthesia of distal extremities
- occasionally seen in Guillain-Baree

Question 27

herpes zoster (shingles)

Answer 27

• painful inflammation of posterior root ganglion
• caused by virus
• dermatome Sx

Question 28

horner’s syndrome

Answer 28

ptosis of eyelid, contriction of pupil, lack of sweating of IL face
- often accompanies AICA/PICA stroke

Question 29

morton’s neuroma

Answer 29

• excessive pronation during stance prodcues compression between 3rd and 4th metatarsals
• nerve can enlarge, forming neuroma on interdigital n resulting in metatarsalgia

Question 30

nerve conduction velocity test (NCV)

Answer 30

determines speed of propagation of an AP along a n or m fiber

• if n compressed/damaged: velocity is slowed and latency is increased
• used to determine the severity of n compression prior to surgery

Question 31

nystagmus

Answer 31

rapid, usually back and forth, movement of eyeballs

Question 32

reciprocal inhibition

Answer 32

inhibition of mm antagonistic to those being facilitated

essential for coordinated mvmt

Question 33

romberg’s sign

Answer 33

loss of balance in standing when eyes are closed

Question 34

somatognosia

Answer 34

lack of awareness of relationship of one’s own body parts or the body parts of others

Question 35

vegetative state

Answer 35

deep coma with abnormal posturing

pt may not have rehabilitation potential if this state persists

Question 36

visual acuity

Answer 36

sharpness of vision that generally decreases with age or certain disabilities such as diabetes

• may need reading glasses to focus on or ready things near by
• decreased ability to adapt to very dark or light environments and may need more or higher intensity lighting at home or use color contrasts on walls, floors, and stairs to increase safety

Question 37

visual field deficits: homonymous hemianopsia

Answer 37

deficit of either R or L halves of the visual field

- caused by damage to CL optic tract

Question 38

visual field deficits: bitemporal hemianopsia

Answer 38

deficit of temporal or peripheral visual fields

• caused by injury at the optic chiasm
• aka tunnel vision

Question 39

visual field deficits: blindness in one eye

Answer 39

result of damage to optic nerve

- aka monocular blindness