Terminology

Question 1

Morphology

Answer 1

the study of WORD structure

Question 2

Morpheme

Answer 2

Smallest meaningful unit of language

[Morphology]

Question 3

Base, Root or Free Morpheme

Answer 3

Words that have meaning & cannot be broken down into smaller parts (e.g. color, chair, hinge)
[Morphology]

Question 4

Bound/Grammatical Morpheme

Answer 4

Parts of words that cannot convey meaning independently
Parts of words that must join with free morphemes to convey meaning. (e.g. plural ‘s’)
[Morphology]

Question 5

Allomorph

Answer 5

Variations of morphemes
Do not alter original meaning of morpheme.
(e.g. boxes, leaves, & cats all have pluralized endings but retain the same meaning)
[Morphology]

Question 6

Syntax

Answer 6

the study of SENTENCE structure

Question 7

Passive Sentences

Answer 7

Subject receives the action of the verb
“The cat was petted by Mark”
[Syntax]

Question 8

Active Sentences

Answer 8

Subject performs the action
“Mark pet the cat”
[Syntax]

Question 9

Interrogative

Answer 9

Questions

[Syntax]

Question 10

Declarative

Answer 10

Statement

[Syntax]

Question 11

Imperative

Answer 11

Commands

[Syntax]

Question 12

Exclamatory

Answer 12

Express strong feelings

[Syntax]

Question 13

Compound Sentences

Answer 13

2+ independent clauses joined by a comma & conjunction.
“The policeman held up the sign, / AND the cars stopped”
[Syntax]

Question 14

Complex Sentences

Answer 14

1 independent clause and 1+ dependent clauses.
“I will drive my car to Reno / IF I have enough gas”
[Syntax]

Question 15

Semantics

Answer 15

The study of MEANING in language (via words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs, etc.); Vocabulary

Question 16

Important aspects of vocabulary

Answer 16

Antonyms
Synonyms
Multiple Meaning Words
Humor (riddles, PUNS, jokes)
Figurative Language (metaphors, idioms)
Deictic words: words whose referents depend upon who is speaking (this, here, that, come)

Question 17

Quick Incidental Learning

aka Fast Mapping

Answer 17

The ability of a child to learn a new word on the basis of limited exposures to it.

Question 18

Overextension vs Underextension

Answer 18

Overextension: ALL round items are balls
Underextension: ONLY an Oreo is a cookie

Question 19

Functions of Language

Answer 19

• Labeling/Naming
• Protesting (“don’t do that!”)
• Commenting/Describing

Question 20

Functions of Utterances

Answer 20

• Providing Info
• Sequencing statements logically
• Topic Maintenance
• Turn-taking
• Communicative Repair

Question 21

Language Context involves…

Answer 21

• Where
• to whom you’re speaking
• Who/What is present

Question 22

Pragmatics

Answer 22

Study of rules that govern language in social contexts - language use

Question 23

Cohesion

Answer 23

Ability to organize/order utterances

Question 24

Direct vs. Indirect Speech acts

Answer 24

“Bring it to me” vs. “Wouldn’t it be nice if…”

Question 25

Discourse

Answer 25

How utterances are related

The “flow” of language - monologue, dialogue, conversation

Question 26

Narratives

Answer 26

Form of discourse where the speaker tells a story

Question 27

Phonology

Answer 27

Meaningful sound units in language

Question 28

Phonological Awareness

Answer 28

Meta-awareness & ability to manipulate words in sentences, syllables in words & sounds in syllables.

Question 29

Phonological Memory

Answer 29

Ability to “hold on” to units of sound; to sequence & manipulate them

Question 30

Rapid Automatic Naming (RAN)

Answer 30

Ability to quickly retrieve a stored label for a given symbol
** Double deficit in RAN & PA (phonological awareness) = major difficulties with reading **