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CSD256 Anatomy and Physiology > Terminology > Flashcards

Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

distal

A

away from midline

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2
Q

sagittal plane

A

divides body or body part into left and right

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3
Q

caudal

A

toward the tail or coccyx

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4
Q

rostral

A

“toward the head”

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5
Q

contralateral

A

originating on the opposite side

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6
Q

ipsilateral

A

same side

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7
Q

coronal

A

a section dividing the body into front and back halves

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8
Q

epethelial tissue

A

superficial/outer layer of mucous membranes and the cells constituting the skin; marked by absence of intracellular material; Ex. mucosal tissues overlies all the structures within all the systems

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9
Q

fascia

A

surrounds organs, being a sheetlike membrane that may be either dense or filmy, thin or thick

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10
Q

inferior

A

below, closer to the ground

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11
Q

lateral

A

to the side

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12
Q

medial

A

toward the midline

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13
Q

midline

A

provides equal halves

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14
Q

proximal

A

near, closer to the body (arms in relation to trunk)

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15
Q

superior

A

above, farther from the ground

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16
Q

anterior

A

ventral. front view

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17
Q

posterior

A

dorsal. back view

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18
Q

muscular system

A

A major body system. Includes the smooth, striated, and cardiac muscles of the body. Produces movement by acting on other structures such as bones and cartilages.

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19
Q

skeletal system

A

A major body system. Includes the bones and cartilages that form the structure of the body.

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20
Q

respiratory system

A

Both a major body AND speech system. Includes the passageways and tissues involved in gas exchange iwth the environment, including the oral, nasal, and pharyngeal cavities, the trachea and bronchial passageway, and lungs.

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21
Q

digestive system

A

A major body system. This system includes the esophagus, liver, intestines, and associated glands.

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22
Q

axial skeleton

A

head and trunk, with the spinal column being the axis

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23
Q

prone

A

on the belly

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24
Q

supine

A

on the back

25
Q

peripheral

A

away from the center

26
Q

organ

A

made up of tissues that work together to perform a particular function (ex. lung tissues make a lung)

27
Q

tissue

A

a collection of similar cells sharing a common function

28
Q

cell

A

an individual unit of living matter

29
Q

system

A

two or more organs combined to perform a common function

30
Q

muscular system

A

A major system of the human body. Includes the smooth, striated, and cardiac muscles of the body.

31
Q

skeletal system

A

A major system of the human body. Includes the bones and cartilages that form the structure of the body.

32
Q

ligaments

A

A tissue aggregate. This tissue binds organs together or holds bones to bone or cartilage.

33
Q

cartilage

A

type of connective tissue. This is a particularly important connective tissue because it is both strong and elastic.

34
Q

tendons

A

A tissue aggregate. This tissue attaches muscle to bone or to cartilage.

35
Q

phonatary system

A

A speech system. This system is involved in production of voiced sound and utilizes components of the respiratory system (the laryngeal structures).

36
Q

articulatory system

A

A speech system. This system is the combination of structures that are used to alter the characteristics of the sounds of speech, including the parts of the anatomically defined digestive and respiratory systems (the tongue, lips, teeth, soft palate, etc.)

37
Q

resonatory system

A

A speech system. This system includes the nasal cavity and soft palate and portions of the anatomically defined digestive and respiratory systems.

38
Q

central nervous system

A

includes the brain and spinal cord

39
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

includes the spinal nerves and cranial nerves

40
Q

muscle tissue

A

specialized contractile tissue – striated (skeletal, voluntary or somatic), smooth (outside voluntary control – digestive system, blood vessels, etc.), cardiac (outside voluntary control); Ex. within diaphragm, larynx, articulatory/resonatory system

41
Q

nervous tissue

A

specialized communicative tissue – neurons (nerve cells) – afferent neurons receive sensory information – innervation is sensory; efferent neurons (motor neurons) send signals from the nervous system to move parts of the body – innervation is excitatory

42
Q

synovial joint

A

=diarthrodial joint. Has encapsulated synovial fluid as a cushion. highly movable – e.g., T-M joint, larynx, shoulders, hips, knees

43
Q

blood

A

type of connective tissue. Blood cells are suspended in plasma, a matrix of fluid

44
Q

bone

A

type of connective tissue. A tissue aggregate. Hardest connective tissue – bones of skull, pelvic girdle, rib cage

45
Q

joint

A

A tissue aggregate. Location where bones connect.

46
Q

fibrous joint

A

=synarthrodial joints. Immobile. Ex skull bone joints

47
Q

synarthrodial joint

A

=fibrous joint. Immobile. Ex skull bone joints

48
Q

cartilaginous joint

A

=amphiarthrodial joints. limited mobility – cartilage provides union between two bones – e.g. ribcage, the cartilaginous connection between the ribs and the sternum

49
Q

amphiarthrodial joint

A

=cartliaginous joint. limited mobility – cartilage provides union between two bones – e.g. ribcage, the cartilaginous connection between the ribs and the sternum

50
Q

diarthrodial joint

A

=synovial joint. Has encapsulated synovial fluid as a cushion. highly movable – e.g., T-M joint, larynx, shoulders, hips, knees

51
Q

striated muscle

A

type of muscle tissue. most important to speech and hearing because of voluntary movement produces voluntary movements of body part

52
Q

origin

A

the point of attachment of the least mobile element

53
Q

insertion

A

the point of attachment that moves as a result of muscle contraction

54
Q

connective tissue

A

supports other tissues and binds them together (blood, bone, and lymph tissues); anything with a matrix that gives it a certain shape

55
Q

The “sections” of the body

A

coronal (frontal), sagittal, transverse, mid-sagittal

56
Q

The tissue types

A

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

57
Q

Major systems

A

respiratory, digestive, muscular, skeletal, nervous

58
Q

Speech systems

A

respiratory, phonatory, articulatory, resonatory

CSD256 Anatomy and Physiology (4 decks)

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