terminology Flashcards
macule
focal area of color change that is not elevated and not depressed
papule
well circumscribed solid, elevated lesion lass than 5 mm in diameter
nodule
solid, raised/elevated lesion greater than 5mm in diameter
plaque
slightly elevated lesion with a flat surface
polyp
abnormal outgrowth/swelling of tissue
if supported by an elongated stalk (narrow base) - pedunculate
if no stalk and the polyp has a wide base - sessile
vesicle
well circumscribed fluid filled lesion less than 5mm in diameter
bulla
well circumscribed fluid filled lesion larger than 5mm in diameter
pustule
well circumscribed pus filled lesion smaller than 5mm in diameter
cyst
pathological, epithelium lined cavity filled with liquid or semi solid contents or empty
erosion
- Superficial break in the epithelium extending to but not involving the basal cell layer.
- Characterised by partial loss of epithelium
- Minor damage to the underlying lamina propria.
ulcer
- Loss of surface tissue, disintegration and necrosis of epithelial tissue.
- Characterised by full thickness loss of epithelium
- It penetrates the epithelial-connective tissue border
fissure
narrow, slit-like ulcerations/groove
petechia
round, pinpoint area of haemorrhage
ecchymosis
non elevated area of haemorrhage, larger than petechia
telangiectasia
vascular lesion caused by dilation of a small superficial blood vessel
sinus
a blind tract connects a cavity lined by granuloma tissue to the epithelial surface
fistula
a communication between two epithelium lined surfaces
exophytic
- growing outward
- proliferating externally or on the surface
epithelium of an organ or other structure in which the growth originated.
endophytic
growing inwards from a surface
papillary
describing a tumour or a growth exhibiting numerous finger-like projections
verrucous
describes a tumour or growth with a rough warty surface
symmetry
unilateral/bilateral
area
localised/generalised
punched out
well defined
no bone reaction immediately adjacent to the abnormality
corticated
thin uniform radiopaque line (reactive bone) at the periphery of the lesion
sclerotic
wide radiopaque border of reactive bone, usually not uniform
indicative of slow growth/ability to induce bone production
soft tissue capsule
a radioluscent line around at the border of the lesion
blending
gradual transition between normal adjacent bone trabeculae and abnormal bone lesion
invasive
associated with rapid growth and bone destruction
may be indicative of malignancy
may appear as moth eaten
radiopaque
Refers to structures
that are dense and resist the passage of x-rays.
Radiopaque structures appear light or white in a radiographic image.
radioluscent
Refers to structures that are less dense and permit the x-ray beam to pass through them.
Radiolucent structures appear dark or black in the radiographic image
unilocular
describes a radioluscent lesion with a single compartment /locule
multilocular
describes a radioluscent lesion with multiple compartments/locules
acanthylosis
separation of cells in stratum spinous resulting in intraepithelial splits
spongiosis
epithelial intercellular oedema
hyperkeratosis
thinking of the stratum corner, outer layer of stratified squamous epithelium
thickening of the keratin layer
parakeratosis
thickened keratin layer with nuclei
acanthosis
thickening/wideing of the stratum spinosum
orthokeratosis
thickened keratin layer without nuclei
dysplasia
an alteration in mature epithelial cells characterised by variation in size, shape, and organisation
pleomorphism
Cells and/or nuclei vary in size and shape
hyperchormasia
The development of excess chromatin or of excessive nuclear staining especially as part of a pathological process.
