Terminology

Question 1

Extracampine hallucination

Answer 1

hallucinations experiences outside limits of sensory field, outside visual field or beyond range of audibility

in schizophrenia, epilepsy and organic disorders

Question 2

Pareidolia

Answer 2

psychological phenomenon where people see recognisable shapes in objects that are unrelated or ambiguous e.g. shape of animal in cloud

this can be a normal phenomenon, but may also be triggered by psychomimetic drugs

Question 3

synaesthesia

Answer 3

sensory stimulus in one modality resulting in sensory experience in another e.g. hearing colours

can be a normal phenomenon

Question 4

delusional perception

Answer 4

phenomenon where a person attributes a false or unusual meaning to a true perception. For example, someone might interpret a normal event, like red traffic lights, as a sign that martians are about to land

Question 5

Fregoli delusion

Answer 5

patient believes that someone unfamiliar is actual disguised as someone familiar

Question 6

Capgras delusions

Answer 6

patient believes someone familiar to them is actually an imposter

Question 7

cotard delusion

Answer 7

psychotic depression typically - nihilistic delusion when patient believes that they are dead

Question 8

third person hallucination

Answer 8

patient hears two or more voices arguing about them or referring to them in third person

Question 9

running commentary hallucinations

Answer 9

patients hear voices that comment on everything they are doing in the environment

Question 10

autoscopy

Answer 10

involves VH experience of seeing oneself as a whole person outside of ones own bodily spacef

Question 11

flight of ideas

Answer 11

logical connection between each of two sequential ideas

Question 12

neologisms

Answer 12

invention of new words

Question 13

stock words

Answer 13

patients use words in an idiosyncratic way to convey a greater range of meaning than they can mentally grasps

lack of words
syntax - tendency for words to intrude into thoughts and speech

these words plug gaps in the persons reduced working vocab

Question 14

tangentiality

Answer 14

a thought disturbance that is marked by oblique speech in which the person constantly digresses to irrelevant topics and fails to arrive at the point

Question 15

circumstantiality

Answer 15

superfluous and roundabout, the speaker will go off on irrelevant tangents before coming back to the main point

Question 16

metonymy

Answer 16

substitution of one word for another word in which it is associated

Question 17

poverty of speech content

Answer 17

poverty of thought, empty speech, alogia, verbigeration and negative formal thought disorder

Question 18

couvade syndrome

Answer 18

sympathetic pregnancy - men experience same symptoms as their pregnant partners

Question 19

gustatory hallucinations

Answer 19

hallcuination of taste

Question 20

hygric hallucination

Answer 20

perception of fluid on the body

Question 21

kinaesthetic hallucinations

Answer 21

hallucinations of bodily sensation which may be superficial, kinaesthetic or visceral - superficial affect the skin and may be therapic, haptic or hygric

Question 22

sensory distortions vs false perceptions

Answer 22

sensory distortions - real perceptual object is perceived as distorted
false perceptions - new perception occur with or without external stimuli

Question 23

functional hallucinations

Answer 23

a rare perceptual disorder that occurs when a person experiences a hallucination and stimulus occuring only at the same time e.g. hearing voices only when the fan is running

Question 24

mitmachen

Answer 24

can put ones body in any posture depite instructions to resist this

Question 25

mitgehen

Answer 25

extreme form of mitmachen in which slight pressure leads to movement in any direction (light touch of finger) - Anglepoise

Question 26

hypnagognic hallucinations

Answer 26

hallucinaions that occurs whilst falling asleep normal

Question 27

hypnopompic hallucinations

Answer 27

hallucinations that occur on waking normal

Question 28

animus vs anima

Answer 28

terms coined by Jung animus - unsconscious male aspect present in every female anima - unconscious female aspect present in every male

Question 29

derealisation

Answer 29

- subjective sense that the world and others appear to be fake and unreal

Question 30

intermetamorphsis

Answer 30

delusional misidentification syndrome in which a person believes they can see people change physically and physiologically into another

Question 31

subjective doubles

Answer 31

a person believes that another person have been transformed into a copy of them

Question 32

impressionistic speech

Answer 32

characteristic of histrionic PD where person speaks about their emotions rather than describing the actual events of the situation

Question 33

trap

Answer 33

a circular pattern of interacting which leaves the patient fearing what they had tried to avoid in the first place

Question 34

snag

Answer 34

subtle negative aspect of a goal, whereby a patient can unknowingly sabotage relationships in light of their expectations

Question 35

stereotypy

Answer 35

catatonic features of schizophrenia - non-goal directed movement pattern that is repeated continuously for a period of time in the same form and on multiple occasions and which is typically distractable

Question 36

ambitendency

Answer 36

alternating cooperation and opposition producing a different and unpredictable behaviour

Question 37

mannerisms

Answer 37

-odd, stilted, voluntary movements and patterns of behaviours. normally appear to have some functional significant, as opposed to sterotypy (which is purposeless)

Question 38

schnauzkrampf

Answer 38

snout spasm characteristic facial expression in which hte nose and lips are drawn together in a pout. seen in schizophrenia

Question 39

apraxia

Answer 39

inability to perform acts on volition

Question 40

agnosia

Answer 40

inability to understand the significance of sensory stimuli

Question 41

astereognosia

Answer 41

failure to iedntify 3D form - can test by putting coin in hand while person has eye closed, and asking them to identify

Question 42

Agraphoagnosia

Answer 42

tested by tracing number of patients pal and asking to identify

Question 43

atopognosia

Answer 43

tested by asking the patient to identify position of object on their skin

Question 44

constructional apraxia

Answer 44

asking the patient to draw simple figures

Question 45

ideomotor apraxia

Answer 45

inability to person a skilled gesture upon verbal command an/or imitation - the ability to spontaneously perform an act using a tool (e.g. brushing hair) may remain intact, but is often lost

Question 46

verbigeration

Answer 46

repitition of meaningless stereotyped words or phrases

Question 47

perseveration

Answer 47

repetition of same responses to different stimuli - meaningful, but inappropriate - differs from verbal stereotypy in that the response continues beyond the point of relevance (e.g. answer the first question correctly, and then repeat same answer for subsequent questions)

Question 48

verbal stereotypy

Answer 48

the same word or phrase is used regardless of situation

Question 49

logoclonia

Answer 49

repition of the last syllable of a word

Question 50

courtesy stigma

Answer 50

stigma by association - negative reaction from the public towards someone who is assocaited with stigmatised group or person (Goffman)

Question 51

stimulus preparedness

Answer 51

apparently innate fear amongst humans of objects and situations that may threaten species survival

Question 52

cue/prompt

Answer 52

use of cues to elicit behaviour

Question 53

incubation

Answer 53

how an emotional response can be amplified by brief repeated explore to stimulus

Question 54

learned helplessness

Answer 54

observed in situations where behaviour is perceived to have little effect on either reward or avoidance of aversive conditions

Question 55

negative therapeutic reaction

Answer 55

apparent deterioration in patients symptoms after an observation of improvement by their therapist

Question 56

negativism

Answer 56

active process of resisting all attempts to make contact with patient seen in schizophrenia

Question 57

advertence

Answer 57

patient turns to examiner when he addresses him, in a bizarre, exaggerated and inflexible quality

Question 58

satyriasis

Answer 58

male equivalent of excessive sexual activity

Question 59

cognitive dissonance

Answer 59

tendency to consciously or subconsciously alter a belief if it conflicts with another belief

Question 60

double orientation

Answer 60

a person, such as one with a delusional belief, can simultaneously hold two apparently contradictory positions