Terminology Flashcards
Overlapping
When one person speaks over the other person speaking
Smooth latching
When the second person speaks right after the first person
Imperative sentences
A sentence that issues commands, advice, instructions etc. They usually begin with a verb and omit the subject
Declarative sentences
A sentence that makes statements or gives information.
Interrogative sentences
A sentence that asks questions
Exclamatory sentences
Sentences that begin with “what” or “how” and often lack of verb. Other sentences ending in “!” can simply be called exclamations
Proper nouns
These usually begin with a capital letter and refer to specific people, places, occasions etc
Concrete nouns
Nouns that refer to things that physically exist
Syndetic listing
A list with one or more conjunctions
Abstract nouns
Nouns which refer to feelings, ideas, qualities etc. Things that do not physically exist
Collective nouns
Nouns which are names given to groups of people, animals, objects
Comparative adjective
Adjectives that compare things. Words such as colder and bigger
Dynamic verbs
Words that clearly refers to actions
Adjacency pair
In conversation, a two part exchange (E.G. A question followed by an answer).
Stative verbs
Words that refer to states or processes
Primary verbs
Verbs that can act as auxiliary verbs and also as main verbs. There are three of them: be, have and do
Main verbs
Single verb that expresses the main meaning
Auxiliary verbs
Are “helping” verbs placed in front of main verbs
Modal auxiliary verbs
Are only ever used alongside the main verb. There are nine of them: can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might and must.
Determiners
Are placed in front of nouns to indicate quantity or identify the noun in some way. The most common are the words a, an and the
Oxymoron
This occurs when contradictory words or phrases are brought together, as in the expression bittersweet
Syntax inversion
Reversed word order. Think of Yoda
Syntax
Word order
Cohesion
The techniques used to link together different parts of a text
Complex sentence
A sentence with a main clause and one or more subordinate clauses
Alliteration
When two or more words begin with the same sound
Anaphoric reference
A reference back to something mentioned earlier in a text
Assonance
The rhyming of vowel sounds within two or more words
Asyndetic listing
A list that does not use conjunctions
Compound sentence
Two simple sentences combined to form a single sentence by the use of a coordinating conjunction
Connotations
The associations that word has
Couplet
Pair of rhymed lines
Denotation
The straightforward, objective dictionary meaning of a word
Discourse marker
Words that indicate links or divisions between parts of (usually spoken) discourse
Elision
The omission of the sound or a syllable
Enjambement
In poetry, when the sense of one line continues into the next, and the end of the first line has no punctuation mark
Hyperbole
Intentional exaggeration
Litotes
Opposite of hyperbole
Idiolect
The way language is used by a particular individual
Intensifier
A word that increases or decreases the strength of another word
Intonation
Tone of voice
Neologism
A new word or expression
Onomatopoeia
When words imitate the sounds they describe
Parallelism
When parts of sentences (or complete sentences) have a similar pattern or structure
Personification
When something is not human described as it if were
Simple sentence
A sentence that has one clause
Semantic field
Group of words with linked or associated meanings
Sibilance
The repetition of s, soft c, sh and z sounds
Subordinate clause
A clause in a sentence that is of less importance than the main clause, and which cannot stand on its own and make sense
Superlatives
An adjective meaning the most of something
First person
Use of first person pronouns such as I, we, us
Second person
Use of second person pronoun such as you and your
Intertextual reference
This occurs when a text makes an implied or explicit reference to another text
Cataphoric references
Are references forward in the text e.g: the following items are needed…
Exophoric reference
Are references to the wider situation or context, to things outside the text
