Terminology

Question 0

A hypothesis that make a specific prediction about the direction of the relationship between two variables

Answer 0

Directional

Question 1

Theory needing investigation, a statement that is assumed to be true for the sake of arguement

Answer 1

Hypothesis

Question 2

A research hypothesis that does not stipulate the expected direction of the relationship between variables

Answer 2

Non-directional

Question 3

The variable hypothesized to depend on or be caused by another variable; the outcome variable of interest

Answer 3

Dependent variable

Question 4

The variable that is believed to cause or influence the dependent variable; in experimental research, the manipulated treatment variable

Answer 4

Independent Hypothesis

Question 5

A hypothesis stating no relationship between the variables under study

Answer 5

Null hypothesis

Question 6

What is the primary use of the null hypothesis?

Answer 6

Statistical testing, as the hypothesis is to be rejected

Question 7

Purpose of an experiment

Answer 7

Aim

Question 8

Reason for doing an experiment

Answer 8

Purpose

Question 9

First hand reports of facts or findings; the original report by the researcher who conducted the study

Answer 9

Primary Source

Question 10

Second-hand accounts of events or facts; description of the research prepared by someone other than the original researcher

Answer 10

Secondary source

Question 11

Research further removed and repeated through multiple people

Answer 11

Tertiary research

Question 12

The investigation of phenomena, typically in an in-depth and holistic fashion, through the collection of rich narrative materials using a flexible research design

Answer 12

Qualitative study

Question 13

The investigation of phenomenon that lend themselves to precise measurement and quantification, often involving a rigorous and controlled design

Answer 13

Quantitative study

Question 14

The degree of consistency with which an instrument measures an attribute

Answer 14

Reliability

Question 15

A quality criterion referring to the degree to which inferences made in a study are accurate and well-founded; in measurement, the degree to which an instrument measures what it is intended to measure

Answer 15

Validity

Question 16

A study design that begins by measuring a presumed cause and then goes forward in time to measure presumed effects

Answer 16

Prospective

Question 17

What is another name of prospective design?

Answer 17

Cohort design

Question 18

A study design that begins with the manifestation on the dependent variable in the present, followed by a search for a presumed cause occurring in the past

Answer 18

Retrospective

Question 19

The process of preventing those in a study from having information that could lead to a bias

Answer 19

Blind and double blind studies

Question 20

Knowledge of which treatment group or participant is in

Answer 20

Bias

Question 21

A study designed to collect data at more than one point in time

Answer 21

Longitudinal

Question 22

Data is collected at one point in time; sometimes used to infer change over time when data is collected from different age or development groups

Answer 22

Cross Sectional

Question 23

A form of longitudinal research in which different samples from a population are studied over time with respect to some phenonmenon

Answer 23

Trend

Question 24

The process of holding constant confounding influences on the dependent variable

Answer 24

Control

Question 25

A manner determined by chance alone

Answer 25

Random

Question 26

A group of people affiliated with an institution who convene to review proposed and ongoing studies with respect to ethical consideration

Answer 26

Institutional Review Board

Question 27

What is fair and right

Answer 27

Justice

Question 28

A fundamental ethical principle that seeks to maximize benefits for study participants and prevent harm

Answer 28

Beneficence

Question 29

Representing the rights of others

Answer 29

Advocacy

Question 30

Respecting the privacy of participants and subsequent results

Answer 30

Confidentiality

Question 31

Measurements to validate the effectiveness of an intervention

Answer 31

Pre and Post tests

Question 32

A sham or pseudo intervention, often used as a control group condition

Answer 32

Placebo

Question 33

A design for testing an intervention an intervention in which participants are not randomly assigned to treatment condtions

Answer 33

Quasi-Experiment

Question 34

What are the other names for Quasi-Experiments?

Answer 34

Nonrandomized Trail or Controlled Trial without Randomization

Question 35

A measure of central tendency, computed by summing all scores and diving by the number of scores; an average

Answer 35

Mean

Question 36

A descriptive statistic that is a measure of central tendency, representing the exact middle value in a score distribution, the value which above a below 50% of the scores lie

Answer 36

Median

Question 37

A measure of central tendency; the score value that occurs most frequently in a distribution of scores

Answer 37

Mode

Question 38

The lowest level of measurement involving the assignment of characteristics into categories

Answer 38

Nominal

Question 39

A measurement level that rank orders phenomena along some some dimension

Answer 39

Oridinal

Question 40

The most frequently used statistic for measuring the degree of variability in a set of scores

Answer 40

Standard Deviation

Question 41

A measure of variability of dispersion equal to the standard deviation squared

Answer 41

Variance

Question 42

A bond or association between variables, with variation in one variable systematically related to variation in another

Answer 42

Correlation

Question 43

Review by a researcher who critiques a research report or proposal and makes recommendations about publishing or funding the project

Answer 43

Peer Review

Question 44

An interpretation of data

Answer 44

Discussion

Question 45

Is the study relevant to other populations or just the one studied?

Answer 45

Generalizability