terminology Flashcards
Noun
Has no tense and refers to a person, object or concept
pronoun
referes back to a noun
Particle
Something that isn’t a noun or verb
Definite
Something that is specific
-the pen, the book
Indefinite
Something that is general
-a pen, a book
tanwin
sound that adds an ‘n’
Imperfect verb (Mudar’i)
present and Future tense
Perfect verb (Madh’i)
past tense
intransitive verb
It is a verb that doesn’t require an object.
perfective / past verb
It is a verb that expresses past actions.
transitive verb
It is a verb that requires an object or two.
simple verb
t is a verb that is composed of three essential letters only.
complex verb
It is a verb that is composed of three essential letters in addition to one, two, or three additional letters.
imperfective / present verb
It is a verb that expresses present actions.
Personal Pronoun
Pronoun that can stand alone and not attached to another word.
Possessive Pronoun
Attached pronoun added to the end of nouns to denote ownership.
Attached subject pronoun
a pronoun added to the end of a past tense verb to denote the one doing (subject) the action..
Attached object pronoun
pronoun added to end of any verb to denote the object (the thing the action is being carried out upon).
The Man is Big
Covert pronoun
An implied subject pronoun of a verb. It is inferred from the prefix and suffix of the verb.
Nominative (Marfoo’o)
This case is marked by a Damma or a small و above the word. This case is used to indicate the subject of a verbal sentence, the mubtada, the predicate, and a few other functions.
Case Endings:
n Arabic are the markings (حركات Harakat) at the end of words to indicate the function of that word in the sentence.
Genitive
This case is marked by a kasra (وِ) which is placed below the word and makes the short vowel sound for ي. This case is used to indicate words that come after a preposition and the second word in an iDafa (إضافة).
Accusative
This case is marked by a fatha or a dash above the word making a short “a” sound. This case is used to indicate the object of a transitive verb, predicate (complement) of kaana subject controlled by إِنَّ and many ohter functions.
Sun letters (Huroof Shamsi)
Sun letters (Huroof Shamsi) The Lam in Al-Rahman is NOT pronounced and instead Ra is given a shaddah (doubled) The 14 Sun-letters are: (ﻥ ,ﻝ ,ﻅ ,ﻁ ,ﺽ ,ﺹ ,ﺵ ,ﺱ ,ﺯ ,ﺭ ,ﺫ ,ﺩ ,ﺙ ,ﺕ).
Moon letters (Huroof Qamari)
The Lam in Al-Kitaab and Al-Qiyaamah IS pronounced normally. The 14 Moon-letters are: ( ه ,ﻱ ,ﻭ ,ﻡ ,ﻙ ,ﻕ ,ﻑ ,ﻍ ,ﻉ ,ﺥ ,ﺡ ,ﺝ ,ﺏ ,أ)
Tā marbūta
Refers to a letter that has 2 dots on top of a circle and is found at the end of a word Normally a feminine word
Adverb
Adverbs are words that modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs, indicating time, place, manner, degree, reason, or affirmation. (Usually by adding ‘an’ or harf, eg Kabeer(an).
Preposition (Harf Jar)
Always followed by a noun, eg, Min, ila.
Mubtada
Is usually the first word of a sentence without a verb. It is the topic of discussion.
Unit 2 Complement or Predicat
It is the second part of the nominal (no verb) sentence, and is indefinite. It tells us something about the mubtada. more commonly known as ‘predicate’ in English
Subject of a verb (sentence)
The noun/pronoun that represents the person or thing doing the action of a verb Zayd sat/He sat.
Object of a verb
The noun/pronoun that represents the person or thing the action of a verb is done to. He saw the car/He saw it.
Singular
Dual
Plural
-Indicates that there is only one of something by using the singular form of the noun.
-Indicates that there is two of something by using the dual form.
-Indicates that there are more than 2 of something.
Broken Plural
The broken plural /jamʿ taksīr/; a word that is pluralized by changing the noun’s structure
Sound Masculine Plural
The sound masculine plural /jamʿ mudhakkar sālim/
Sound Feminine Plural
The sound feminine plural /jamʿ mu’annath sālim/
First person
Referring to one’s self
Second person
Referring to a person who is spoken to
Third person
Referring to a person/object who not spoken to
interrogative word
A word used to ask a question, and is placed at the start of the sentence, eg. Man, Ma, Ma’ta, Ayna?
active participle
A noun used as a subject, object, topic, or predicate.
passive participle
A noun used as subject, object, topic, or predicate.
genitive construction
It is a noun phrase composed of two nouns.
nominal sentence
A sentence that starts with a noun, and it has two parts: the topic (mubtada) and the predicate.
verbal sentence A sentence that starts with a verb, and it has two (or three) parts: verb, subject, (object), but subject and verb are essential.
A sentence that starts with a verb, and it has two (or three) parts: verb, subject, (object), but subject and verb are essential.
interrogative particle
do/does/did/is/ …? It is used to ask a yes-no question and is placed at the start of sentences.
preposition
Is a connective word that follows nouns or verbs and is followed (ONLY) by nouns (which will be genitive). q
coordinating conjunction
It’s a connecting word that connects equal words, phrases, or sentences.
negative particle
It is a word that negates verbal or nominal sentences.
absence of short vowel on letters
It is a diacritical mark that indicates unvowelled letters, and is used for jussive case, primarily with verbs.
