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Access to ARABIC > terminology > Flashcards

terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Noun

A

Has no tense and refers to a person, object or concept

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2
Q

pronoun

A

referes back to a noun

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3
Q

Particle

A

Something that isn’t a noun or verb

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4
Q

Definite

A

Something that is specific
-the pen, the book

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5
Q

Indefinite

A

Something that is general
-a pen, a book

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6
Q

tanwin

A

sound that adds an ‘n’

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7
Q

Imperfect verb (Mudar’i)

A

present and Future tense

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8
Q

Perfect verb (Madh’i)

A

past tense

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9
Q

intransitive verb

A

It is a verb that doesn’t require an object.

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10
Q

perfective / past verb

A

It is a verb that expresses past actions.

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11
Q

transitive verb

A

It is a verb that requires an object or two.

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12
Q

simple verb

A

t is a verb that is composed of three essential letters only.

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13
Q

complex verb

A

It is a verb that is composed of three essential letters in addition to one, two, or three additional letters.

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14
Q

imperfective / present verb

A

It is a verb that expresses present actions.

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15
Q

Personal Pronoun

A

Pronoun that can stand alone and not attached to another word.

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16
Q

Possessive Pronoun

A

Attached pronoun added to the end of nouns to denote ownership.

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17
Q

Attached subject pronoun

A

a pronoun added to the end of a past tense verb to denote the one doing (subject) the action..

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18
Q

Attached object pronoun

A

pronoun added to end of any verb to denote the object (the thing the action is being carried out upon).
The Man is Big

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19
Q

Covert pronoun

A

An implied subject pronoun of a verb. It is inferred from the prefix and suffix of the verb.

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20
Q

Nominative (Marfoo’o)

A

This case is marked by a Damma or a small و above the word. This case is used to indicate the subject of a verbal sentence, the mubtada, the predicate, and a few other functions.

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21
Q

Case Endings:

A

n Arabic are the markings (حركات Harakat) at the end of words to indicate the function of that word in the sentence.

22
Q

Genitive

A

This case is marked by a kasra (وِ) which is placed below the word and makes the short vowel sound for ي. This case is used to indicate words that come after a preposition and the second word in an iDafa (إضافة).

23
Q

Accusative

A

This case is marked by a fatha or a dash above the word making a short “a” sound. This case is used to indicate the object of a transitive verb, predicate (complement) of kaana subject controlled by إِنَّ and many ohter functions.

24
Q

Sun letters (Huroof Shamsi)

A

Sun letters (Huroof Shamsi) The Lam in Al-Rahman is NOT pronounced and instead Ra is given a shaddah (doubled) The 14 Sun-letters are: (ﻥ ,ﻝ ,ﻅ ,ﻁ ,ﺽ ,ﺹ ,ﺵ ,ﺱ ,ﺯ ,ﺭ ,ﺫ ,ﺩ ,ﺙ ,ﺕ).

25
Q

Moon letters (Huroof Qamari)

A

The Lam in Al-Kitaab and Al-Qiyaamah IS pronounced normally. The 14 Moon-letters are: ( ه ,ﻱ ,ﻭ ,ﻡ ,ﻙ ,ﻕ ,ﻑ ,ﻍ ,ﻉ ,ﺥ ,ﺡ ,ﺝ ,ﺏ ,أ)

26
Q

Tā marbūta

A

Refers to a letter that has 2 dots on top of a circle and is found at the end of a word Normally a feminine word

27
Q

Adverb

A

Adverbs are words that modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs, indicating time, place, manner, degree, reason, or affirmation. (Usually by adding ‘an’ or harf, eg Kabeer(an).

28
Q

Preposition (Harf Jar)

A

Always followed by a noun, eg, Min, ila.

29
Q

Mubtada

A

Is usually the first word of a sentence without a verb. It is the topic of discussion.

30
Q

Unit 2 Complement or Predicat

A

It is the second part of the nominal (no verb) sentence, and is indefinite. It tells us something about the mubtada. more commonly known as ‘predicate’ in English

31
Q

Subject of a verb (sentence)

A

The noun/pronoun that represents the person or thing doing the action of a verb Zayd sat/He sat.

32
Q

Object of a verb

A

The noun/pronoun that represents the person or thing the action of a verb is done to. He saw the car/He saw it.

33
Q

Singular
Dual
Plural

A

-Indicates that there is only one of something by using the singular form of the noun.
-Indicates that there is two of something by using the dual form.
-Indicates that there are more than 2 of something.

34
Q

Broken Plural

A

The broken plural /jamʿ taksīr/; a word that is pluralized by changing the noun’s structure

35
Q

Sound Masculine Plural

A

The sound masculine plural /jamʿ mudhakkar sālim/

36
Q

Sound Feminine Plural

A

The sound feminine plural /jamʿ mu’annath sālim/

37
Q

First person

A

Referring to one’s self

38
Q

Second person

A

Referring to a person who is spoken to

39
Q

Third person

A

Referring to a person/object who not spoken to

40
Q

interrogative word

A

A word used to ask a question, and is placed at the start of the sentence, eg. Man, Ma, Ma’ta, Ayna?

41
Q

active participle

A

A noun used as a subject, object, topic, or predicate.

42
Q

passive participle

A

A noun used as subject, object, topic, or predicate.

43
Q

genitive construction

A

It is a noun phrase composed of two nouns.

44
Q

nominal sentence

A

A sentence that starts with a noun, and it has two parts: the topic (mubtada) and the predicate.

45
Q

verbal sentence A sentence that starts with a verb, and it has two (or three) parts: verb, subject, (object), but subject and verb are essential.

A

A sentence that starts with a verb, and it has two (or three) parts: verb, subject, (object), but subject and verb are essential.

46
Q

interrogative particle

A

do/does/did/is/ …? It is used to ask a yes-no question and is placed at the start of sentences.

47
Q

preposition

A

Is a connective word that follows nouns or verbs and is followed (ONLY) by nouns (which will be genitive). q

48
Q

coordinating conjunction

A

It’s a connecting word that connects equal words, phrases, or sentences.

49
Q

negative particle

A

It is a word that negates verbal or nominal sentences.

50
Q

absence of short vowel on letters

A

It is a diacritical mark that indicates unvowelled letters, and is used for jussive case, primarily with verbs.

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