terminology Flashcards
gigue:
lively dance from the baroque dance suit
concertino:
short concerto
ripieno:
the instruments accompanying the concertino
continuo:
a bass line in many baroque orchestral, choral and chamber works
figured bass:
symbolic information below a bass note to inform harmony
imitation:
polyphonic musical texture in which a melodic idea is freely or strictly echoed by successive voices
call and response
sequence:
melodic and harmonic pattern which is repeated at successively higher or lower pitch levels
pedal notes:
held through changing harmonies
conjunct:
a melody that moves in distinct steps or intervals, smoothly, and in a connected way
stepwise
ornaments:
embellishment of a melody
syllabic:
each syllable is matched to note
melismatic:
when a single syllable has various notes
trill:
rapid alternation between a note
appoggiatura:
ornamental note that displaces
colla voice:
follow the voice
sf (sforzando):
played with stress and accent
crossed note heads:
notes with rhythmic value but no pitch
guitar with overdrive:
when you push guitar pass it’s amp
tremolando:
rapid repeated note
hi-hat:
two cymbals together on a drum kit
ostinato:
short melodic message repeated throughout piece
syncopation:
displacement of rhythm and accent
rall:
slowing of tempo
maestoso:
majestic
polyphonic/contrapuntal:
2 or more melodies of similar importance
homophonic:
multiple voices move in a chordal texture highlighting harmony
melody dominated homophony:
one voice, often the highest, plays a distinct melody, and the accompanying voices work together to articulate an underlying harmony
unison:
all parts playing same line at same time
monophonic:
a single, unaccompanied line
antiphonal:
texture 2 or more parts play alternate parts
heterophonic:
playing different version of the same melody/ idea at the same time
contrapuntal:
involves counterpoint, in which more than one musical line plays at the same time
the lines are independent but related harmonically
stretto:
concluding passage performed in a quicker tempo
concerto grosso:
a baroque orchestral composition featuring a small group of solo instruments contrasting with the full orchestra
acciaccatura:
a grace note melodically adjacent to principle note and played simultaneously
mordent:
a note played with single raid alternation with note above or below
broken chord:
a chord in which all notes appear in succession
codetta:
brief conclusion with a cadence at the end
dissonance:
discordant sounds or a lack of harmony in music
grace note:
brief note (main note/ principal note) that functions as ornamentation for the note that follows it
what are the voices in order from high to low?
bass
baritone
tenor
countertenor
alto
mezzo-soprano
soprano
vibrato:
musical effect where a note changes pitch subtly and quickly
glissando:
a way of gliding or flowing from one note to the next
triad:
three notes stacked in consecutive thirds
arpeggio:
notes of a chord played in succession rather than together
the term broken chord is sometimes used
disjunct:
opposite of conjunct = not stepwise
drone:
extended sustaining or repeating note
fanfare:
flourish for bass instruments for ceremonial or celebratory effect
ground bass:
repeating phrase in the bass
in some baroque pieces
atonal:
absence of tonality or key
modal:
tonality based on modes (precursors of modern scales - of several types each with a different series of tones and semitones)
articulation:
the degree to which a note is separated from the note that follows it (legato and staccato)
double stopping:
where two notes or more are played together and being stopped simultaneously
solo concerto:
work for a soloist and orchestra in three movements
concerto grosso:
baroque
usually two soloists and orchestra
flanger:
an effect that creates clanging which involves mixing together two identical signals, one of them delayed by a small, gradually changing amount
