Terminology Flashcards
Authoritarian
A way of governing that values order and control over personal freedom. A government run by authoritarianism is usually headed by a dictator.
(Top of Political Compass)
Capitalism
it is an economic system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by individuals or private entities, and goods and services are distributed based on market demand and individual initiative. In a capitalist system, there is typically less government intervention in the economy and more emphasis on individual profit.
Chartism
Chartism was a working-class movement in Britain during the mid-19th century that aimed to achieve political and social reforms through a petition known as the People’s Charter.
Communism
Communism is an economic system in which all resources and means of production are owned and controlled by the community as a whole, and goods and services are distributed based on individual need. In a communist system, there is no private ownership and no class distinctions, and the state plays a central role in planning and directing the economy.
Co-operative Movement
Provided a way for workers to gain greater control over their working conditions and improve their economic situation.
Creating businesses and organizations that were owned and controlled by their members, promoting a sense of community and solidarity among workers and building stronger and more resilient communities.
Corroboration
evidence which confirms or supports a statement, theory, or finding.
Cottage Industry
The cottage industry is a type of small-scale, decentralized manufacturing or handicraft production that is typically carried out in the homes of individual workers or artisans. The term “cottage industry” originated in medieval England when villagers would produce goods such as textiles, pottery, or ironwork in their homes to supplement their incomes.
Democrat Party
During the Industrial Revolution, the Democratic Party generally represented the interests of working-class Americans, including factory workers and farmers. The party was a vocal advocate for labor rights and the regulation of business practices to protect workers and consumers.
Eight Hour Movement
The Eight-hour Day is a labor movement advocating for a standard 8-hour workday and 40-hour workweek.
Emerged due to the long working hours and poor working conditions of many laborers, who were often required to work 12 hours or more per day, six or seven days per week.
Enclosed System
The Enclosure Movement was a push in the 18th and 19th centuries to take land that had formerly been owned in common by all members of a village, or at least available to the public for grazing animals and growing food, and change it to privately owned land, usually with walls, fences or hedges around it
Fabian Society
The Fabian Society is a British socialist organisation whose purpose is to advance the principles of social democracy and democratic socialism via gradualist and reformist effort in democracies, rather than by revolutionary overthrow.
Four-Crop Rotation
Four crop rotation is a method of farming that involves dividing a field into four sections and rotating the crops planted in each section in a specific sequence. The purpose of crop rotation is to improve soil fertility, control pests and diseases, and increase crop yields. By rotating crops in this way, each type of crop helps to restore specific nutrients to the soil that are depleted by the previous crop.
Great Strikes
The term “Great Strikes” generally refers to a series of major labor strikes that took place in the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. These strikes were typically led by industrial workers who were seeking better working conditions, higher wages, and more job security.
Imperialism
Imperialism refers to the policy or practice of extending a country’s power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means. It involves the domination and control of weaker nations or territories by more powerful nations, often for economic or strategic reasons.
Industrial Revolution
The industrial revolution was a period of significant technological advancements in the late 18th and early 19th centuries that transformed the way goods were produced, leading to the rise of factories, mass production, and the growth of cities. It had a profound impact on the economy, society, and politics of many countries, particularly in Europe and North America.
Laissez-faire
The government did not interfere with the workings of the market, allowing businesses to pursue their own self-interest and workers to compete for jobs and wages in an open and competitive marketplace.
It led to the growth of large-scale capitalism, the expansion of trade and commerce, and the emergence of new technologies and forms of production. Also had negative effects like exploitation of workers, economic inequality, and monopolies.
This led to the rise of the labor movement and the establishment of government regulations and social welfare programs to protect workers and promote economic equality.
Labor Party
The Labour Party’s policies during the Industrial Revolution era focused on improving the lives of working-class people, including advocating for better working conditions, higher wages, and access to education and healthcare. The party also supported the establishment of trade unions and the creation of social programs to support workers and their families.
Left-Wing
In politics, the word left is applied to people and groups that have liberal views. That generally means they support progressive reforms, especially those seeking greater social and economic equality.
-freedom, equality, fraternity, rights
Liberal Party
Overall, the Liberal Party’s policies during the Industrial Revolution were characterized by a commitment to individual liberty, free trade, and social reform. While the party no longer exists in its original form, its legacy can still be seen in the policies and priorities of modern liberal political parties.
Libertarian
A libertarian is a person who believes in the principles of libertarianism, a political philosophy that emphasizes individual liberty, personal responsibility, and limited government. Libertarians generally believe in maximizing individual freedom in both economic and social realms, and they see government intervention as a threat to individual rights and freedoms.
(Bottom of Political Compass)
Luddite
The Luddites were a group of English textile workers in the early 19th century.
They protested against the use of new machinery that threatened their jobs and traditional skills.
Mass Production
The industrial technique to produce large quantities of similar products in constant flows on production lines.
Focuses on low-cost production by using standardized and repetitive processes to manufacture the same line of products.
Open-Field System
The open-field system was the prevalent agricultural system in much of Europe during the Middle Ages. The open field system was the arrangement of peasant agriculture in northern Europe before the 20th century into scattered strips communally regulated but privately owned.
Owenites
The Owenites believed that social and economic problems could be solved by creating communities based on cooperative and communal principles. They advocated for the establishment of “New Moral World” communities where workers would own and operate the means of production, and the profits would be shared among all members of the community. The Owenites believed that this system would eliminate poverty, improve working conditions, and promote social equality.
Parliament
Perspective
a particular attitude towards or way of regarding something; a point of view.
Primary Source
primary source is an artifact, document, diary, manuscript, autobiography, recording, or any other source of information that was created at the time under study.
Secondary Source
A source that was created later by someone that did not experience first-hand or participate in the events in which the author is writing about.
Right Wing
The word right, in contrast, refers to people or groups that have conservative views. That generally means they are disposed to preserving existing conditions and institutions. Or, they want to restore traditional ones and limit change.
authority, hierarchy, order, duty, tradition
Socialism
Socialism is often associated with the goal of achieving a classless society, where everyone has equal access to resources and opportunities, and where there are no social or economic inequalities.
Socialism is an economic system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the community or the state, and goods and services are distributed based on individual need. In a socialist system, there is typically more government control over the economy and less emphasis on individual profit.
Strike
It is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal of employees to work. A strike usually takes place in response to employee grievances.
Textile Factory
A textile factory is a type of industrial facility that produces textiles, which are materials made from natural or synthetic fibers that are woven or knitted together to create clothing, household goods, and other products. During the Industrial Revolution, textile factories became a major component of the manufacturing sector, as advances in machinery and technology enabled textiles to be produced on a large scale.
Trade Unions
Trade unions are organizations formed by workers to improve working conditions, wages, and benefits for their members through collective bargaining with employers.
They are governed by elected officials and engage in political lobbying and advocacy to influence government policies and regulations.
Village Common
They were open spaces in towns and villages for communal activities.
Workhouse
It was a place where people who were unable to support themselves, such as the elderly, disabled, orphans, and those who were unemployed or destitute, could go to live and work in exchange for food and shelter.
What wing is Socialism?
Socialism is usually regarded internationally as being on the left
What wing is Capitalism?
What wing is Communism?
What wing is Chartism?
What wing is Marxism?
