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English > Terminology > Flashcards

Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Asyndetic listing

A

Joined by punctuation, comma or semi colon

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2
Q

Syndetic listing

A

Connected by conjunctions

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3
Q

Progressive aspect

A

progressing e.g, are walking

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4
Q

Minor sentence

A

A sentence without a verb

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5
Q

Metalinguistic language

A

Language used to reflect upon and describe language

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6
Q

Cataphoric referencing

A

Referring to something which will come later in the text

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7
Q

Doubles

A

Doubles

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8
Q

Analepsis

A

Flashbacks

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9
Q

Retrospective viewpoint

A

Looking back

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10
Q

Fragmentation

A

A breakdown in the narrative where is loses cohesion

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11
Q

Stream of consciousness

A

Narrative that is significantly fragmented tending not to use standard punctuation is called a stream of consciousness

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12
Q

Focaliser

A

A third person narrator who tells the story through a characters point of view is using a focaliser

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13
Q

Third person omniscient narrator

A

A narrator who knows what every character is thinking and writes in the third person.

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14
Q

Intrusive narrator

A

A narrator who addresses the reader directly using ‘you’.

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15
Q

Narrative perspective

A

Who sees or perceives events.

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16
Q

Narrative voice

A

Whoever is speaking.

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17
Q

Covert narrators

A

They can ‘show’ rather than ‘tell’.

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18
Q

Overt narrators

A

Narrators can impose their opinions on readers

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19
Q

Heterodiegetic narrator

A

A narrator who is not a character in the story

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20
Q

Homodiegetic narrator

A

A narrator who is also a character in the narrative

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21
Q

Sibilance

A

Soft consonants, sh or s sound

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22
Q

Fricative

A

A consonant sound, such as English f or v or sh

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23
Q

Assonance

A

Clusters of the same vowel sound.

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24
Q

Consonant clusters

A

St and ngth in strength.

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25
Q

Cacophony

A

Distressing to the ear.

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26
Q

Euphony

A

Pleasing to the ear.

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27
Q

Phono aesthetics

A

The study of the beauty of sound.

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28
Q

Idiom

A

An expression that is used by a particular group of people with a meaning that is only known through common use.

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29
Q

Intertextuality

A

The shaping of a text’s meaning by another text. It is the interconnection between similar or related works of literature that reflect and influence and audiences interpretation of the text.

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30
Q

Lexical borrowing

A

When a word from one language is adapted for use in another.

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31
Q

Synthetic personalization

A

The process of addressing a wide audience as if you were talking to an individual.

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32
Q

Relative pronouns

A

Used within the noun phrase to link the head noun to a clause. Who, whom, whose, which and that.

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33
Q

Indefinite pronouns

A

Express a less specific meaning. They include quantity words such as: each, much, many, few, some, none, one and someone.

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34
Q

Interrogative pronouns

A

Ask questions about nouns. Who, whom, whose, which and what.

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35
Q

Demonstrative pronoun

A

Express a contrast between ‘near’ and ‘distant’ from the speaker. This, that, those and these.

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36
Q

Interrogative

A

What and no.

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37
Q

Quantifiers

A

Either and neither, some, any, each, every and enough

38
Q

Possessive determiners

A

Me, your, his, her it, our and their

39
Q

Demonstrative determiners

A

This, that, those, these

40
Q

Indefinite article

A

A

41
Q

Definite article

A

The

42
Q

Determiners

A

Always goes in front of a noun and tells you what kind of noun is in the noun phrase. Does not replace the noun like a pronoun.

43
Q

Reflexive pronouns

A

Reflect the meaning of the noun or pronoun elsewhere in the clause.

44
Q

Epizeuxis

A

The repetition of a word in immediate succession for emphasis.

45
Q

Hendiadys

A

A single idea expressed by two words connected with an “and”

46
Q

Hypernym

A

A word with a broad meaning constituting a category into which words with more specific meanings fall. E.g “colour.”

47
Q

Antonyms

A

Opposites

48
Q

Logogram

A

The use of signs and symbols to convey meaning.

49
Q

Elision

A

The colliding of two lexemes together to form a new word. “Want to= wanna”

50
Q

Ellipsis

A

Reduction of a sentence by the omission of a clause element such as the subject.

51
Q

Cut spelling

A

Reduction of a word “Blood=blud”

52
Q

Phonetic orthography

A

Spelling words like they are said “Yessssss”

53
Q

Emoticon

A

:)

54
Q

Homophones

A

Sound the same. “Too/to/two/2”

55
Q

Acronyms

A

Like initialisations, but you read the letters as if they are one word. “LOL”

56
Q

Initialisation

A

“OMG” “RSPCA”

57
Q

Interjection

A

Often non-standard vocalisations such as “Yup”

58
Q

Clippings

A

Like abbreviations, but ‘clip’ a part of the original word. “Amaze!”

59
Q

Summary construal

A

<p>Her ‘blinkered’ vision, or limited knowledge about the world around her is often conveyed through a hazy summarising of things. This is true of her references to agents responsible for Gilead, using passive voice and third person plural “flowers are still allowed,” “this is the kind of touch they like”. Makes us experience Offred’s worldview ourselves.
</p>

60
Q

objective construal

A

Offred’s attempts to control and contain her emotional response to Gilead often appears in vague and detached language. She represents her bedroom using a very indefinite and generalized schema- as in the minor sentences, “A window. A bed.”

61
Q

Sequential construal

A

Offred’s boredom and constrained viewpoint is often conveyed to us through static description- frequently involving different types of listing. Her static, detailed description of her bedroom floor is a part of her cataloguing the contents of her bedroom in a sequence: “a chair, a table, a lamp”.

62
Q

Cognitive grammar

A

Examines how we construct and represent reality through our grammatical language choices.

63
Q

Schematic Knowledge

A

Information we have in our minds which influences how we read a certain text.

64
Q

Graphology

A

Eye level- the visual design and layout of texts.

65
Q

Phonology and prosodics

A

Ear level- the sounds of English.

66
Q

Pragmatics

A

Context level- beyond the text e.g, the assumptions made about listeners/readers by the speaker’s/writer’s choices

67
Q

Discourse

A

Whole text level- the overall text structure

68
Q

Lexis and Semantics

A

Word levels- the vocabulary of English

69
Q

Proverbial

A

Moral message

70
Q

Aubade

A

A morning poem

71
Q

Iambic pentameter

A

Mimics speech

72
Q

Apostraphe

A

An address to an absent person

73
Q

Double entendre

A

Double meaning

74
Q

Conduplicatio

A

Repetition of a single word across a clause

75
Q

Chiasmus

A

Same meaning, different wording. E.g, until I labour, I in labour lie.

76
Q

Free Verse

A

Free verse has very little structure and can be written about anything.

77
Q

Concrete poetry

A

Concrete poetry is a form of visual poetry. A vast majority of modern poems incorporate either an auditory or visual medium alongside the language.

78
Q

MLE

A

A multiethnolect used mostly by young people in London from a range of languages within a multi-ethnic, multicultural context.

79
Q

Article simplification

A

Article simplification is using ‘a’ for all indefinite articles, regardless of if the next sound is a vowel.

80
Q

DH stopping

A

Using ‘d’ or th’ in words such as them and they.

81
Q

Pragmatic markers

A

Words the speaker uses to convey their attitude to the listener. For example: I mean, I think or ‘innit’.

82
Q

Peripeteia

A

Reversal of fortune

83
Q

Hamartia

A

Fatal Flaw

84
Q

Hubris

A

Overbearing pride or presumption, especially towards the goals.

85
Q

Catharsis

A

A sudden emotional breakdown or climax that involves overwhelming feelings of great sorrow, pity, laughter or any extreme change in emotion that results in the restoration, renewal and revitalisation for living.

86
Q

Kinesics

A

Gestures, postures, eye and facial movements due to feelings and emotions: e.g. trembling.

87
Q

Haptics

A

Touching another person: e.g. holding, shaking, kissing.

88
Q

Proxemics

A

Movement in relation to another character’s personal space: e.g. moving closer to, further away.

89
Q

Smooth speaker-switch

A

Exchange of turns, no simultaneous speech present, first speaker’s utterance appears complete.

90
Q

Simple Interruption

A

Exchange of turns, simultaneous speech present, first speakers turn appears incomplete.

91
Q

Overlap

A

Exchange of turns, simultaneous speech present, first speakers turn reaches completion.

92
Q
A

English (2 decks)

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