Terminology Flashcards
addresser
extratextual level: Author
intratextual level: Characters
adressee
extratextual level: real reade, audience
intratextual llevel: Character
primary text
dialogue and character remarks on the intratextual level, spoken by the actors
secondary text
includes all constituent parts of a dramatic text (stage directions, title of the play, preface)
“the absolute nature of dramatic texts” (Pfister)
lack of mediating level of communication -> no narrator
a characteristic aspect of drama
epic drama
drama containing narrative elements
alienation effect
“Verfremdungseffekt”
exposition
transmission of introductory information requiered to understand the initial dramatic effect
referential function: informing the reader about the history preceding the action, introducing them to time and place of the action as well as the characters
initial - integrated
introduction
establishes a communication channel between the stage and the audience
phatic function -> to awaken interest, to acclimatize the audience to the atmosphere of the play
analytical drama
extreme form of integrated exposition - exposition continues throughout the entire play/text; gradual disclosure of past events that have led to the initial situation
monologue
characters speak alone, but in the presence of others
soliloquy
characters speak alone with no other character on stage; often used for the communnication of innermost feelings
dialogue
succession of remarks and counter-remarks between two or more characters
teichoscopy
Characters observe and report events that are happening off-stage
aside
“Beiseitesprechen” frequently not addressed to another character on stage but to the extratextual level, the reader or audience
monological aside
other characters on stage do not hear what is spoken
Character speaks to him or herself
dialogical aside
whispering on stage
aside ad spectatores
break the forth wall
dramatic irony
based on the discrepency between knowledge from the characters and the audience. The irony is that the audience can’t do anything with the knowledge
discrepant awareness
the characters/Characters-audience have different levels of information
Special form: dramatic irony
congruent awareness
the characters/Characters-audience have the same level of information
theories of Character
mimetic approaches: character is real with a psyche
structuralist approaches: characters are functional roles performed by characters. They are functions of the plot not “real” people or psychological entities
dramatis personae
all literary characters appearing in a play
correspondence and contrast
similarities and differences between characters (helpful to find out their function)
Character constellation
the dynamic structure of the dramatis personae. relationships between characters throughout the play.
Character configuration
focuses on character configuration on stage. how many characters are on stage, is one character part of most configurations and hence very importante or only marginal
Character perspective
the individual more or less restricted view of “reality” of every character (level of knowledge, psychological dispositions, norms, values)
perspective structure
entirety of character perspectives and their relationship to each other. Do they add up to one “world view” (closed) or are there different ones and hence a higher degree of insecurity as to who’s right (open)