Terminology

Question 1

Precise Words

All

Answer 1

Includes:
All 
Always 
Will 
100% possiblity

Question 2

Precise Words:

None

Answer 2

Includes:
None
Never
less than 1% possibility

Question 3

Precise Words:

Most

Answer 3

Includes 
Most 
Probably 
Likely
Usually 
more than 50% possibilty

Question 4

Precise Words:

Not Most

Answer 4

Includes: 
Not Most 
Not Likely
Rarely
Minority 
less than 50%

Question 5

Precise Words:

Some

Answer 5

Includes:
Some
Can
99% possibility

Question 6

Precise Words:

Not All

Answer 6

Not All
Not Always
99% possibility

Question 7

Comparative Words:

Definition and Treatment

Answer 7

definition: any word that states or implies a comparison
treatment: comparative words are typically considered strong but can be weak given the context

Question 8

Comparative Words:

Type: Comparison

Answer 8

Comparison:
Examples: more, less, better, taller worse, ect
Treatment: treated as semi-strong language bc of their definite nature
- they can be made weak by comparing something that doesn’t mean much

Question 9

Comparative Words:

Type: Superlative

Answer 9

Superlative
Examples: least, best, tallest, worst, ect
Treatment: much stronger bc they compare a group rather than a single alternative option
- watch the qualifiers that surround the superlative bc they make a significant impact on the strength of that superlative

Question 10

Comparative Words:

Type: Equal

Answer 10

Equal
Examples: equal, the same, proportionate, identical, indistinguishable, as much as, ect
Treatment: very strong
(no notes)

Question 11

Subjective Words

Definition, Treatment, examples

Answer 11

Definition: those that have different meaning depending on the context
Treatment: treat them as very weak words
Examples: useful, many, few, able, contribute, sometimes, several, not many, often, some, important, numerous, a lot, occasionally, much

Question 12

Permissive Words

Definition, Treatment, Examples

Answer 12

Definition: allow something to be, but give no indication of the likelihood that it will happen
Treatment: Treat them as very weak words
Examples: may, permit, possible, can, allow, available, could, eligible, enable

Question 13

Inherently Strong Words

Definition, Treatment, Example

Answer 13

Definition: strong words are those that simply mean a lot (by definition)
Treatment: treat them as very strong words
Examples: inherent, indefinitely, revolutionize, always, steal, forever, never, in principle, modeled upon, fundamentally, lie

Question 14

Causal Words

Definition, Treatment, Examples

Answer 14

Definition: those that imply a causal relationship via the simple meaning of the word or through the implication that one concept changes another
Treatment: translate these term into a very direct “this causes that” form and consider it to be strong language
Examples: boost, raises, predisposes, successful, results from, genetic disposition, induce, benefits, responsible for, effective, affect, effect, leads to, promotes, explains, produce, cause, explanation
(is used by an arrow with a “c” above it)

Question 15

Thought Words:

Definition, Treatment

Answer 15

Definition: represent some aspect of what someone is thinking but may not indicate anything about the reality of the situation
Treatment: understand the type of word and keep that seperate from what is true about the reality of the situation

Question 16

Thought Words

Type: Belief

Answer 16

Belief
Examples: believe, think, claim, consider
Definition: indicates what is true according to that person’s mind
- that belief could be wrong so do not infer anything about the reality of the situation

Question 17

Thought Words

Type: Intent

Answer 17

Intent
Examples: intend, want, motive, try, attempt to, goal, objective, aim, purpose, plan, hope, wish, to
Definition: indicates that something intends to happen
- that intent may go unfulfilled, so do not infer anything about the reality of the situation

Question 18

Thought Words:

Type: Knowledge

Answer 18

Knowledge
examples: know, confirm, affirm, acknowledge, admit, ignorance, realize, recognize
Definition: indicates that the person is fully aware or not of the reality of the situation
Notes: if someone knows something, then it is true in reality as well

Question 19

Thought Words:

Type: thought vs. reality

Answer 19

Examples: overestimate, underestimate, overrate, underrate, exaggerate
Definition: indicates that someone’s thoughts vary from reality and compare reality in some way
Notes: these words do not indicate exactly what the reality of the situation is. Rather, they indicate that the reality differs from someone’s thoughts about the situation

Question 20

Structural Indicator Words

Contrast

Answer 20

however, but, yet, although, though, while, despite the fact that,
nevertheless, nonetheless, on the other hand, ironically

Question 21

Structural Indicator Words

Conclusion

Answer 21

thus, hence, therefore, so, consequently, for the reason that, then

Question 22

Structural Indicator Words

Continuation

Answer 22

moreover, and, additionally, also, in addition, further, futhermore, as well, finally, plus

Question 23

Contrast Words

Definition and treatment

Answer 23

definition: those that separate two ideas hat seem like they do not go together
treatment: use contrast words to isolate the two different ideas
- can help to determine the idea the author tries to emphasize and the idea the author tries to deemphasize

Question 24

Contrast Words

Contrast Word Structure

Answer 24

Look at pg 16