Glossary

Question 1

Analogy

Answer 1

a stated or implied comparison between two different things that are similar

Question 2

Appositive

Answer 2

a phrase, usually set off by commas, used to describe or define a term

Question 3

assumption

Answer 3

unstated evidence

Question 4

cause

Answer 4

to increase the likelihood of something

Question 5

cohort

Answer 5

a group of people sharing a certain characteristic

Question 6

conclusion

Answer 6

a statement supported by the evidence in the argument

Question 7

conditional/qualifier

Answer 7

a qualifier that is stated as an if/then statement

example: replacement tires will be difficult to find - if there are discontinued by the manufacturer -

Question 8

consists of

Answer 8

to be made up or fully composed of

Question 9

contradiction

Answer 9

a combination of claims that cannot be true simultaneously

Question 10

contrapositive

Answer 10

reverse and negates version of an if/then statement

Question 11

correlation

Answer 11

close relationship between two things

Question 12

counterexample

Answer 12

a member of a group that does not share an important property of the group; refers to something that is in opposition to a previous statement

Question 13

dearth

Answer 13

lack of

Question 14

evidence

Answer 14

info that supports something

Question 15

false contrapositive

Answer 15

either negated but not reversed or

reversed but not negated

Question 16

humanities

Answer 16

any artistic endeavor

Question 17

illustrate

Answer 17

an example, analogy, or detailed description

Question 18

in principle

Answer 18

in essence or in substance; in theory

Question 19

inconsistent

Answer 19

a combo of claims that cannot be true

Question 20

indirect cause

Answer 20

a cause that produces an effect, which in turn produces a third effect

Question 21

inherent

Answer 21

permanent attribute of something

Question 22

innate

Answer 22

born with it

Question 23

intent

Answer 23

state of mind that directs one towards a goal

Question 24

intermediate conclusion

Answer 24

a statement that (1) is supported by the evidence and (2) supports the main conclusion

Question 25

internal inconsistency

Answer 25

a combo of actions or claims made by one person that cannot be true simultaneously; to contradict oneself

Question 26

overdeduce

Answer 26

to deduce beyond that which can be deduced based on given info, resulting in false deductions

Question 27

popularize

Answer 27

bring to the people

Question 28

preclude

Answer 28

prevent

Question 29

premise

Answer 29

evidence; info that supports the conclusion

Question 30

qualifier

Answer 30

a term, usually a descriptive phrase, that limits the scope or narrows the applicability of another term

Question 31

rather than

Answer 31

“and not”

Question 32

respectively

Answer 32

translated as “in that order”

Question 33

revolution

Answer 33

a sudden, marked change in something that goes beyond one instance

Question 34

revolutionize

Answer 34

an action w/ two characteristics (1) you are the first one to do it (2) you have followers

Question 35

self contradiction

Answer 35

a combo of actions or claims made by one person that cannot be true

Question 36

tacit

Answer 36

unstated

Question 37

temporal

Answer 37

pertaining to time

Question 38

underdeduce

Answer 38

to deduce less that what can be deduced based on given info, resulting in a lack of relevant info.