Terminology Flashcards
Paralinguistics
Aspects of communication which do not use words
Lexis
Words
Prescriptive linguists
Say that there are rules which need to be followed
Descriptive linguists
Say that understanding how a language is actually used is what matters
Pragmatics
The shared assumptions made by addresser/addresee
Semiotics
The study of symbols and signs
Graphology
The study of graphic elements of a text
Phonology
The study of sound
Declarative
Statement/ convey information
Imperative
Order/command/directive
Interrogative
Question
Exclamatory
An exclamation or surprise/emotion
Register
The level or formality of a text - spoken or written
Dynamic verbs
Doing words
Stative verbs
Being words
Modifiers
Add to the meaning of a word
Pre-modifier
Goes in front a word to describe it
Post-modifier
Goes behind a word or describe it
Field specific and subject specific Lexis
Words used in association with a particular subject
Lexical set/field
A group of words which are all linked together by topic or idea
Determiners
The a/an - definite and indefinite article
Semantics
Meanings and connotations
Attributive adjectives
Gives information about a noun (see,shape,colour)
Comparative adjective
E.g better (er) more of something
Superlative
E.g biggest (est) most of something
Modal verbs
Modal auxiliary verbs add meaning to or modify other words. They can convey a range of attitudes.
Ideolect
An individuals unique and identifiable way of using language
Discourse
Overall structure of whole text
Morphology
Structure of words
Grammar and syntax
Sentence structure: means the structures created by combing words together
Jargon
Often used negatively to describe unnecessarily complicated words
Pronominal usage
How pronouns are being used
Coinage/neologism
New word/made up word
Ellision
Deliberate missing of a letter
Qualifiers
Soften or intensify a word
Softener
Soften a word (just)
Intensifier
Intensifies a word
Ephemeral
Lasting for a short time
Lexical asymmetry
Unequal meanings
Denotations
The definition without any association or connotations
Derogatory
Words with negative connotations
Unmarked suffix
The assumption the male forms
Back channeling
A strategy which shows active listening, using minimal responses
Topic
What is talked about
Topic shift
Change of subject
Topic management
How subjects are introduced, developed
The floor
A metaphor to describe the interaction
Holding the floor
Speaking
Taking the floor
Taking the topic from someone else
Gender
Marked terms
Vocative
Using a name
Prestige
That which is valued
Overt prestige
Valued by the majority in a society establishment
Covert prestige
Valued within a sub group of society
Non-fluency features
Hesitations, pauses
E.g um, er
Fillers
Give time to think about what to say next
E.g um er
Convergence
Making your language use like that if those being spoken to/with
Divergence
Making your language unlike that of those being spoken to/with
Upward/downward convergence/divergence
Refer to changing register e.g from a higher formal one to an informal,lower one and vice versa
Sociolect
The language of a particular social group
Dialect
A particular form of a language which is peculiar to a specific region of social group - includes grammar, Lexis and phonology
Accent
A distinctive mode of pronunciation of a language, especially one associated with a particular nation or locality - phonology
R.P
Receive pronunciation accent which is not attributive to regions
Phoneme
The smallest unit of sound/a unit of sound
Phonetics
The study is the way sounds are produced and the ways they can be recorded and studied
