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English Terminology > Terminology > Flashcards

Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Paralinguistics

A

Aspects of communication which do not use words

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2
Q

Lexis

A

Words

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3
Q

Prescriptive linguists

A

Say that there are rules which need to be followed

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4
Q

Descriptive linguists

A

Say that understanding how a language is actually used is what matters

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5
Q

Pragmatics

A

The shared assumptions made by addresser/addresee

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6
Q

Semiotics

A

The study of symbols and signs

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7
Q

Graphology

A

The study of graphic elements of a text

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8
Q

Phonology

A

The study of sound

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9
Q

Declarative

A

Statement/ convey information

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10
Q

Imperative

A

Order/command/directive

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11
Q

Interrogative

A

Question

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12
Q

Exclamatory

A

An exclamation or surprise/emotion

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13
Q

Register

A

The level or formality of a text - spoken or written

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14
Q

Dynamic verbs

A

Doing words

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15
Q

Stative verbs

A

Being words

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16
Q

Modifiers

A

Add to the meaning of a word

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17
Q

Pre-modifier

A

Goes in front a word to describe it

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18
Q

Post-modifier

A

Goes behind a word or describe it

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19
Q

Field specific and subject specific Lexis

A

Words used in association with a particular subject

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20
Q

Lexical set/field

A

A group of words which are all linked together by topic or idea

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21
Q

Determiners

A

The a/an - definite and indefinite article

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22
Q

Semantics

A

Meanings and connotations

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23
Q

Attributive adjectives

A

Gives information about a noun (see,shape,colour)

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24
Q

Comparative adjective

A

E.g better (er) more of something

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25
Q

Superlative

A

E.g biggest (est) most of something

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26
Q

Modal verbs

A

Modal auxiliary verbs add meaning to or modify other words. They can convey a range of attitudes.

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27
Q

Ideolect

A

An individuals unique and identifiable way of using language

28
Q

Discourse

A

Overall structure of whole text

29
Q

Morphology

A

Structure of words

30
Q

Grammar and syntax

A

Sentence structure: means the structures created by combing words together

31
Q

Jargon

A

Often used negatively to describe unnecessarily complicated words

32
Q

Pronominal usage

A

How pronouns are being used

33
Q

Coinage/neologism

A

New word/made up word

34
Q

Ellision

A

Deliberate missing of a letter

35
Q

Qualifiers

A

Soften or intensify a word

36
Q

Softener

A

Soften a word (just)

37
Q

Intensifier

A

Intensifies a word

38
Q

Ephemeral

A

Lasting for a short time

39
Q

Lexical asymmetry

A

Unequal meanings

40
Q

Denotations

A

The definition without any association or connotations

41
Q

Derogatory

A

Words with negative connotations

42
Q

Unmarked suffix

A

The assumption the male forms

43
Q

Back channeling

A

A strategy which shows active listening, using minimal responses

44
Q

Topic

A

What is talked about

45
Q

Topic shift

A

Change of subject

46
Q

Topic management

A

How subjects are introduced, developed

47
Q

The floor

A

A metaphor to describe the interaction

48
Q

Holding the floor

A

Speaking

49
Q

Taking the floor

A

Taking the topic from someone else

50
Q

Gender

A

Marked terms

51
Q

Vocative

A

Using a name

52
Q

Prestige

A

That which is valued

53
Q

Overt prestige

A

Valued by the majority in a society establishment

54
Q

Covert prestige

A

Valued within a sub group of society

55
Q

Non-fluency features

A

Hesitations, pauses

E.g um, er

56
Q

Fillers

A

Give time to think about what to say next

E.g um er

57
Q

Convergence

A

Making your language use like that if those being spoken to/with

58
Q

Divergence

A

Making your language unlike that of those being spoken to/with

59
Q

Upward/downward convergence/divergence

A

Refer to changing register e.g from a higher formal one to an informal,lower one and vice versa

60
Q

Sociolect

A

The language of a particular social group

61
Q

Dialect

A

A particular form of a language which is peculiar to a specific region of social group - includes grammar, Lexis and phonology

62
Q

Accent

A

A distinctive mode of pronunciation of a language, especially one associated with a particular nation or locality - phonology

63
Q

R.P

A

Receive pronunciation accent which is not attributive to regions

64
Q

Phoneme

A

The smallest unit of sound/a unit of sound

65
Q

Phonetics

A

The study is the way sounds are produced and the ways they can be recorded and studied

English Terminology (2 decks)

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