Terminology 1 Flashcards
What is an organum?
Early polyphonic music that adds one or more voices to an existing chant
When was the Romantic period?
ca. 1800 - 1900
What genres were popularized during the Renaissance?
Renaissance motets and madrigals
What is antiphonal chant?
Chants in which two or more groups alternate
What genres were popularized during the Classical period?
Symphonies, piano sonatas, and string quartets
Which notable composers operated in France in the 14th century?
Philippe de Vitry and Guillaume de Machaut
What is the structure of a Mass?
Introductory material, the liturgy of the word, the liturgy of the eucharist
What is Romanesque architecture?
Eurpoean architecture from the mid-11th century to the mid-12th century that featured semicircular arches for doors and windows and massive walls and piers with few windows
What is a final?
The main note of a mode and the normal closing note in a chant of that mode
What is a color?
A repeated melodic pattern in an isorhythmic composition
When was the Medieval period?
ca. 450 - 1400 (or 1450)
What is the Carolingian Renaissance?
A period in the Carolingian Empire under Charlemagne where ancient Roman texts were copied and preserved, where there was a resurgence in learning, and there the liturgy of the Roman Catholic church was reformed and chant from Rome imported in to the Carolingian Empire and reworked to become the central body of Gregorian chant which was then standardized across Eurpoe
What is the final, repercussio and range of the lydian mode?
F, C, and above
What is the final, repercussio and range of the mixolydian mode?
G, D, and above
What is an isorhythmic motet?
Motets featuring isorhythm and a contratenor line
What is a discant?
Music in which the upper voice or voices sing one to three notes for every note in the lower voice
What is a repercussio?
The second most important note in a mode, often emphasized in the chant
What is counterpoint?
The combination of two or more melodic lines according to a set of rules
What is melismatic music?
Music where there are more that seven notes sung to a single syllable of text
What is Gothic architecture?
Eurpoean architecture from the mid-12th century to the 16th century that featured high pointed arches, tall structures with large interiors and large stained glass windows letting in a great deal of natural light
When was the Renaissance?
ca. 1400 (or 1450) - 1600
What is a medieval motet?
Music that adds texts to an existing discant clausula or music featuring one or more voices, each with their own secular text above a tenor which sings a chant
What is proper chant?
Texts of the Mass that are assigned to a particular day in the religious calendar
What genres were popularized during the Baroque period?
Fugues and concerti
What is Gregorian chant?
The repertory of ecclesiastical chant used in the Roman Catholic church
What is a talea?
A repeated rhythmic pattern in an isorhythmic composition (usually in the tenor line)
What are examples of parisian organum?
Organum purum and discant
What is homophony?
Musical texture where all voices move together using the same rhythm
When was the Classical period?
ca. 1750 - 1800
What is the final, repercussio and range of the dorian mode?
D, A, and above
What is ordinary chant?
Texts of the Mass that remain the same on most or all days of the religious calendar (Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei)
What is the final, repercussio and range of the phrygian mode?
E, C, and above
What is the final, repercussio and range of the hypophrygian mode?
E, A, and around
Who is Troubadour?
A poet-composer of southern France who wrote monophonic songs in Occitan in the 12th or 13th century Wrote mainly about courtly love
What genres were popularized during the 20th and 21st centuries?
Electronic music and atonal music
What genres were popularized during the Romantic period?
Lieds and programmatic symphonies
What is the final, repercussio and range of the hypolydian mode?
F, A, and around
What is courtly love (or fine amour)?
An idealized love for an unattainable woman who is admired from a distance
What is monophony?
Music consisting of a single melodic line
What is the final, repercussio and range of the hypomixolydian mode?
G, C, and around
What were the distinguishing characteristics of western art music?
The development of polyphony, the development of notation, a musical system based on semitones and wholetones, and the prizing of innovation and change
What is polyphony?
Music consisting of many independant melodic lines
When was the Baroque period?
ca. 1600 - 1750
What is responsorial chant?
Chants in which a soloist alternates with a group
What is organum purum (or florid organum)?
12th century style of two-voice polyphony where the lowervoice sustains long nnotes and the upper voice sings note groups of varying length above the longer notes
What is syllabic music?
Music where every syllable of text is sung with a single note
Which notable composers operated in Paris from the 12th to the 13th century?
Leonin and Perotin
What is the final, repercussio and range of the hypodorian mode?
D, F, and around
What is neumatic music?
Music where every syllable of text is sung with a single neueme (one to seven notes each)
What genres were popularized during the Medieval period?
Gregorian chants, medieval motets, and troubadour chansons
