Terminologies in introduction to pharmacology

Question 1

What is Adverse Effect?

Answer 1

A possible dangerous pharmacological effect that is not intended and occurs when a medication is administered correctly.

Question 2

What do you call the strength of binding between drug and receptor?

Answer 2

Affinity

Question 3

What is antagonist in pharmacology?

Answer 3

It is a molecule that prevents the action of other molecules, often by competing for a cellular receptor; opposite of agonist.

Question 4

What do you call the presence of a drug in the blood stream after it is administered?

Answer 4

Bioavailability

Question 5

What is distribution in pharmacology?

Answer 5

It is the second stage of pharmacokinetics or the process by which medication is distributed throughout the body.

Question 6

What is efficacy in pharmacology?

Answer 6

It is the maximum effect of which the drug is capable.

Question 7

What do you call the final stage of pharmacokinetics or the process whereby drug byproducts and metabolites are eliminated from the body?

Answer 7

Excretion

Question 8

What is First Pass Effect

Answer 8

It is the inactivation of the administered drugs in the liver and intestines.

Question 9

What is the study of how drugs act at target sites of action in the body?

Answer 9

Pharmacodynamics

Question 10

What is the study of how a person’s genetic make-up affects their response to medicines?

Answer 10

Pharmacogenetics

Question 11

What is the study of how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and eliminates drugs?

Answer 11

Pharmacokinetics

Question 12

What is therapeutic index?

Answer 12

It is a quantitative measurement of the relative safety of a drug that compares the amount of drug that produces a therapeutic effect versus the amount of drug that produces a toxic effect. Medication with a large therapeutic index is safer than a medication with a small therapeutic index.

Question 13

What is agonist?

Answer 13

The opposite of antagonist, it is a drug capable of binding and activating a receptor, leading to a pharmacological response that may mimic that of a naturally occurring substance. Can be classified as full, partial or inverse

Question 14

What is the process that alters the pH to less than 7?

Answer 14

Acidification

Question 15

What is acromegaly?

Answer 15

It is a condition usually in middle-aged adults from hypersecretion of growth hormone

Question 16

Afferent nerve

Answer 16

It transmits sensory information from peripheral organs to the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system).

Question 17

What do you call when it is pH less than 7.45 or a condition in which the tissues have relatively more acid or acid waste than normal; disturbance of acid-base balance; when the pH of the blood is below 7.35?

Answer 17

Acidosis

Question 18

What is Addison’s disease?

Answer 18

Inadequate secretion of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids.

Question 19

Adipose tissue

Answer 19

Tissue containing fat cells or fat.

Question 20

What is afterload in pharmacology?

Answer 20

It is a measure of the vascular resistance that the left ventricle must overcome in order to eject blood during contraction.