Terminologies in Introduction to Pharmacology

Question 1

What is Pharmacology?

Answer 1

It is a study of drugs and their interaction with living things which encompasses the physical and chemical properties, biochemical and Physiologic effects.

Question 2

The use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat disease.

Answer 2

Pharmacotherapeutics

Question 3

What is difference between Effectiveness and Selectivility?

Answer 3

Effectiveness it is a drug that elicits the responses for which it is given while the Selectivity it is a drug that elicits only the response for which it is given.

Question 4

What are the 10 Rights to Medication Administration?

Answer 4

1. Right Patient
2. Right Route
3. Right Time
4. Right Drug
5. Right Dose
6. Right Documentation
7. Right Education
8. Right to Refuse
9. Right Assessment
10. Right Evaluation

Question 5

Give the 3 Ethical Considerations and the purpose in the clinical area.

Answer 5

Respect for reasons/autonomy - treated as independent persons, capable of making decisions in their own best interest right to self-determination

Beneficience - duty to protect research subjects from harm

Justice - requires that selection of research subjects be fair.

Question 6

Differentiate the Chemical Name, Generic Name and Brand Name.

Answer 6

Chemical name- describe the drug’s chemical structure

Generic name- official, nonproprietary name, chosen by the drug company and registered as trademark.

Trade/brand name - proprietary name, chosen by the drug company and registered as trademark.

Question 7

What is OTC or Over the counter drugs?

Answer 7

-Drugs found to be safe and appropriate for use without direct supervision of the HCP.

-May be purchased without a prescription

Question 8

What is the meaning of “pro re nata”?

Answer 8

As needed or requested

Question 9

What is the medical abbreviation of AC and PC?

Answer 9

AC - before meal
PC - after meal

Question 10

Study of the movement of the drug throughout the body

Answer 10

Pharmacokinetics

Question 11

What is the 4 process of Pharmacotherapeutics?

Answer 11

1. Absorption
2. Distribution
3. Metabolism
4. Excretion

Question 12

Give atleast 5 of Routes of Administration.

Answer 12

1. Oral Route
2. Sublingual Route
3. Rectal or Vaginal Route
4. Intradermal/Topical Route
5. Subcutaneous Route
6. Intravenous Route

Question 13

Enteral route of administration pass from the intestinal lumen to the liver via the postal vein

Answer 13

First Pass Effect

Question 14

What are the timing for Intravenous, Intramuscular and Oral in Peak?

Answer 14

Intravenous - 15-30 mins
Intramuscular - 30-60 mins
Oral - ~60 mins

Question 15

What are the factors that affect metabolism?

Answer 15

• Age
• First Pass Effect
• Metabolic Pathway
• Nutrional Status

Question 16

Differentiate the Steady State, Loading and Maintenance.

Answer 16

Steady State - Plateau Drug level, amount of drug administered is equal to the amount being eliminated.

Loading - Giving a large initial dose so the therapeutic effect is achieved while a steady state is reached.

Maintenance - Dose needed to maintain drug concentration at a steady state, consistent dosing and interval.

Question 17

Difference between Agonist and Antagonist.

Answer 17

Agonist is a medication that can mimic the receptor activity regulated by endingeneous compound (fitted in the receptor.) while Antagonist is a medication that can block normal receptor activity regulated by endogenous compound and can be result of decreasing metabolism.

Question 18

What are the 7 Mechanism of Action (MOA)?

Answer 18

1. Stimulation
2. Depression
3. Irritation
4. Replacement
5. Cytotoxic Action
6. Antimicrobial
7. Modification of Immune Sytem

Question 19

Difference between Side effect and Toxic effect.

Answer 19

Side effect- these are usually expected and inevitable when a medication is given at a therapeutic dose.

Toxic effect- medication can have specific risk, and manifestations of toxicity.

Question 20

Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002

Answer 20

Republic Act No. 9165