Terminologies in Introduction to Pharmacology Flashcards
What is Pharmacology?
It is a study of drugs and their interaction with living things which encompasses the physical and chemical properties, biochemical and Physiologic effects.
The use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat disease.
Pharmacotherapeutics
What is difference between Effectiveness and Selectivility?
Effectiveness it is a drug that elicits the responses for which it is given while the Selectivity it is a drug that elicits only the response for which it is given.
What are the 10 Rights to Medication Administration?
- Right Patient
- Right Route
- Right Time
- Right Drug
- Right Dose
- Right Documentation
- Right Education
- Right to Refuse
- Right Assessment
- Right Evaluation
Give the 3 Ethical Considerations and the purpose in the clinical area.
Respect for reasons/autonomy - treated as independent persons, capable of making decisions in their own best interest right to self-determination
Beneficience - duty to protect research subjects from harm
Justice - requires that selection of research subjects be fair.
Differentiate the Chemical Name, Generic Name and Brand Name.
Chemical name- describe the drug’s chemical structure
Generic name- official, nonproprietary name, chosen by the drug company and registered as trademark.
Trade/brand name - proprietary name, chosen by the drug company and registered as trademark.
What is OTC or Over the counter drugs?
-Drugs found to be safe and appropriate for use without direct supervision of the HCP.
-May be purchased without a prescription
What is the meaning of “pro re nata”?
As needed or requested
What is the medical abbreviation of AC and PC?
AC - before meal
PC - after meal
Study of the movement of the drug throughout the body
Pharmacokinetics
What is the 4 process of Pharmacotherapeutics?
- Absorption
- Distribution
- Metabolism
- Excretion
Give atleast 5 of Routes of Administration.
- Oral Route
- Sublingual Route
- Rectal or Vaginal Route
- Intradermal/Topical Route
- Subcutaneous Route
- Intravenous Route
Enteral route of administration pass from the intestinal lumen to the liver via the postal vein
First Pass Effect
What are the timing for Intravenous, Intramuscular and Oral in Peak?
Intravenous - 15-30 mins
Intramuscular - 30-60 mins
Oral - ~60 mins
What are the factors that affect metabolism?
- Age
- First Pass Effect
- Metabolic Pathway
- Nutrional Status
Differentiate the Steady State, Loading and Maintenance.
Steady State - Plateau Drug level, amount of drug administered is equal to the amount being eliminated.
Loading - Giving a large initial dose so the therapeutic effect is achieved while a steady state is reached.
Maintenance - Dose needed to maintain drug concentration at a steady state, consistent dosing and interval.
Difference between Agonist and Antagonist.
Agonist is a medication that can mimic the receptor activity regulated by endingeneous compound (fitted in the receptor.) while Antagonist is a medication that can block normal receptor activity regulated by endogenous compound and can be result of decreasing metabolism.
What are the 7 Mechanism of Action (MOA)?
- Stimulation
- Depression
- Irritation
- Replacement
- Cytotoxic Action
- Antimicrobial
- Modification of Immune Sytem
Difference between Side effect and Toxic effect.
Side effect- these are usually expected and inevitable when a medication is given at a therapeutic dose.
Toxic effect- medication can have specific risk, and manifestations of toxicity.
Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002
Republic Act No. 9165
