Terminologies in Introduction to Pharmacology Flashcards
PHARMACOLOGY
It refers to the study of drugs and interaction with living things, also include how our body reacts to the drugs.
PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS
How we utilize the given medication to our patient (to treat, to diagnose or prevent certain diseases).
10 RIGHTS TO MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION
IMPORTANT FIVE
1. Right Patient
2. Right Route
3. Right Time
4. Right Drug
5. Right Dose
OTHER FIVE
Right Documentation
Right Education
Right To Refuse
Right Assessment
Right Evaluation
DIFFERENTIATE THE DRUG NAMES
CHEMICAL NAME- describes the drug’s chemical structure. The chemicals involve in creating the medication.
GENERIC NAME- name that no one owns. It is given by the developers of the drug.
TRADE/BRAND NAME- name that is chosen by the company that is being registered as trademark
OTC (OVER THE COUNTER DRUGS)
These are drugs that you can still acquire even without prescription of doctors or physician. (e.g Neozep, Biogesic, Bioflu etc)
WHAT IS NSAID’s?
Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Medications. It is safe for long term in take. Safe to acquire in OTC. However, overdose of this drugs will affect the kidneys. (e.g. Naproxen - temporarily relieves pain and and reduces fever)
MAKING PRN DECISSIONS
PRN (pro re nata) means ‘as needed’.
Drugs that are not scheduled. PRN medications are orders in which the nurse has the discretion regarding when to give the drug or how much to give.
WHAT IS PATIENT ADHERENCE and NON PATIENT ADHERENCE?
Patient Adherence - a patient’s behavior coincides with medical advice. (e.g. the physician instructed the pregnant woman to avoid smoking and drinking alcohol and the pregnant woman obey her physician’s order)
Non Patient Adherence - a patient’s behavior that contradict the medical advices. (e.g. The client is hypertension patient, he is ordered that he should avoid oily and fatty foods, but he still chooses to eat)
THE PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY
Pharmacokinetics - two Greek words ‘pharmakon’ means drug or poison and ‘kinesis’ means motion.
It is the study of drug’s changes as it enters and passes through the body.
Pharmacodynamics - drugs act within the body to mimic the actions of the body’s own chemical messenger. It is the mechanism by which drugs produces changes in the body tissues.
THE FOUR (4) PROCESS OF PHARMACOKINETICS
A- ABSORPTION (how the drugs enter our body through different route of administering)
D- DISTRIBUTION ( after administering, where will the drugs go and the target different cells or tissues)
M- METABOLISM (how the drug will be broken down)
E- EXCRETION ( how the drugs leave the body)
WHAT IS PREDICTABILITY?
A drug that we can know with certainty how a given patient will respond. We also know the both short and long term of its characteristics.
DIFFERENT ROUTE OF ADMINISTERING DRUGS
ENTERAL ROUTE
-Oral Route
PARENTERAL ROUTE
-Sublingual/Buccal
-Other Mucous Membranes (such as rectal, vaginal)
-Inhalation via Mouth or Nose
-Intradermal or Topical
-Subcutaneous and Intramuscular
-Intravenous
THE ROUTES ACCORDING TO POOREST TO FASTEST ABSORPTION
Oral
Sublingual/Buccal
Other Mucous Membranes
Inhalation
Intradermal/Topical
Subcutaneous
Intramuscular
Intravenous
WHAT IS FIRST PASS EFFECT?
First pass effect only happen in oral route. When the medications pass through the intestinal lumen to the liver via the portal vein. Majority of the medication that orally taken will be reduce.
WHAT IS BIOAVAILABILITY?
This is the amount of drug that is able to reach the bloodstream serum amount. It is the portion of the medication that will exert the pharmacologic effect.
