Terminal respiration

Question 1

what are the two primary electron carrying molecules in terminal respiration?

Answer 1

NAD(H) and FAD(H)

Question 2

what is the end product of terminal respiration?

Answer 2

Water (H2O)

Question 3

what are NAD and FAD reduced to respectively?

Answer 3

NADH+ and H+ and FADH2

Question 4

where is the primary site of terminal respiration?

Answer 4

cristae of mitochondria

Question 5

why is there a proton gradient across the membrane during terminal respiration?

Answer 5

3 out of 4 terminal respiration proteins push protons out of the inner mitochondrial membrane, creating a proton gradient

Question 6

what is the enzyme that converts ADP and Pi to ATP?

Answer 6

ATP Synthase

Question 7

where do the NADH and FADH2 have to be for terminal respiration?

Answer 7

mitochondrial matix

Question 8

what is the glycerol phosphate shuttle?

Answer 8

the process of NADH passing its electrons to G-3-P and then passing said electrons to FAD in order to get through the mitochondrial membranes

Question 9

FADH2 generates more ATP per molecule than NADH; true or false?

Answer 9

False

Question 10

where do NADH and FADH2 enter the electron transport chain?

Answer 10

NADH - NADH-Q oxidoreductase

FADH2 - Succinate-Q reductase

Question 11

which protein in the electron transport chain does not pump protons across the mitochondrial membrane?

Answer 11

succinate-Q reductase (complex II)

Question 12

what substance does NADH donate its electrons to?

Answer 12

ubiquinone (reduced to ubiquinol)

Question 13

what is the significance of the heme group in succinate-Q reductase?

Answer 13

blocks stray electrons from passing through the membrane

Question 14

what is the function of cytochrome c oxidoreductase?

Answer 14

passes electrons to cytochrome c and pumps protons into the intermembrane space

Question 15

what is the function of cytochrome c oxidase?

Answer 15

takes electrons from cytochrome c and passes them to molecular O2, also pumps protons into the intermembrane space

Question 16

how is the energy stored in the proton gradient used?

Answer 16

used to generate electron motive force, which allows the proton gradient to do work
molecular turbine harnesses the energy in the proton gradient (ATP Synthase)

Question 17

what is the function of ATP synthase?

Answer 17

to use the potential energy stored by the proton gradient to convert ADP and inorganic phosphate to ATP

Question 18

what are the 2 components of ATP synthase?

Answer 18

F0 - membrane bound proton conducting unit

F1 - protrudes into matrix and acts as the catalyst for ATP synthesis

Question 19

how do the two components of ATP synthase interact in order to produce ATP?

Answer 19

F0 cylinder rotates which forces conformational changes in the beta subunits of F1
these conformational changes are what catalyses the conversion of ADP +Pi to ATP and causes ATP to be RELEASED from the active site.

Question 20

what are the three comformations of the beta subunit of F1 in the binding change mechanism?

Answer 20

subunit that binds ADP and Pi
subunit that binds ATP
subunit that doesnt bind ATP

Question 21

how many protons can be transferred across the membrane in terminal respiration

Answer 21

complexes I, III, and IV transfer 8 protons across the membrane in one cycle

Question 22

approximately how much ATP is generated by NADH and FADH2 respectively?

Answer 22

2.5 mol and 1.5 mol

Question 23

how many protons travelling into the matrix does it take for ATP synthase to produce 1 ATP?

Answer 23

3 protons are required.

Question 24

if electron transport and ATP synthesis are uncoupled, where does the potential energy go?

Answer 24

it is released as heat.

Question 25

what clinical significance is there if the inner mitochondrial membrane becomes permeable to protons?

Answer 25

development of malignant hyperthermia