Terminal respiration

Question 1

What is mitochondria

Answer 1

mitochondria is the site of oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotic cells

Question 2

how do mitochondria produce ATP & how much ATP is produced here

Answer 2

utilises proton gradients
alot of ATP can be produced

Question 3

What triggers the start of terminal respiration

Answer 3

NADH & FADH2 in the matrix

Question 4

Where can NADH & FADH2 be formed

Answer 4

NADH & FADH2 in citric acid cycle (matrix)

NADH also formed in cytoplasm (glycolysis)

Question 5

CO10 or Coenzyme10

Answer 5

is a coenzyme in the electron transport chain. It has 10 isoprene repeats

Question 6

What is Chemiosmosis

Answer 6

It is the movement of protons from the matrix to the intermembrane

Question 7

what is it called when protons in the mitochondria move back from the intermembrane to the matrix?

Answer 7

proton motive force

Question 8

What is malignant hyperthermia?

Answer 8

uncoupling of electron transport and ATP synthesis, and the energy is released as heat

Question 9

What is the role of cytochome C

Answer 9

transports electrons between complexes 3 and 4 of electron transport chain

(complex 4 takes electrons from ctyo C and produces water )

Question 10

State the role of Coenzyme Q

Answer 10

transports electrons between complexes 2 and 3 of electron transport chain.

Question 11

electron carriers in metabolic pathways play an important role in which two things?

Answer 11

• going through a cycle of redox reactions to produce ATP
• making anabolic products or biosynthetic precursors

Question 12

why is ubiquinone taken as a dietary supplement?

Answer 12

As it acts as an antioxidant & reduces free radicals

Question 13

where is the only site of oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotes?

Answer 13

mitochondria

Question 14

what need to be in the matrix for terminal respiration to occur?

Answer 14

NADH & FADH2

Question 15

why is the glycerol phosphate shuttle necessary

Answer 15

allows NADH be transported from the cytoplasm to the mitocondria

Question 16

what is utilised in the glycerol phosphate shuttle to allow electrons to be passed on into the mitochondria?

Answer 16

glycerol-3 phosphate

Question 17

what creates more energy per mole, oxidation of FADH2 or oxidation of NADH?

Answer 17

NADH

Question 18

out of the 4 complexes used in the electron transport chain, what complexes transfer protons across the membrane?

Answer 18

1,3 and 4

Question 19

what does pumping H+ into inter membrane space create ?

Answer 19

proton gradient

Question 20

what 2 things make up ATP synthase

Answer 20

F1 AND F0

Question 21

how many H+ are needed to make 1 ATP

Answer 21

3H +

Question 22

what is ATP synthase

Answer 22

enzyme that creates ATP by using the proton gradients

Question 23

glycerol-3-phosphate does what to FAD?

Answer 23

turns FAD into FADH2

Question 24

what is the F0 subunit in ATP synthase?

Answer 24

membrane bound proton conducting unit

Question 25

what is F1 subunit in ATP synthase?

Answer 25

protrudes the matrix & acts as a catalyst

Question 26

what are the states of the 3 binding sites in F1 atp synthase

Answer 26

tight ,loose ,open

Question 26

how many binding sites does F1 in atp synthase have?

Answer 26

3 binding sites

Question 27

why does NADH produce more ATP/energy than FADH2?

Answer 27

NADH feeds into complex 1 so pumps H+ into complexes 1 3 and 4 FADH2 feeds into complex 2 so H+ pumps into 3 and 4 complexes

Question 28

how many ATP Is produced from 1 glucose

Answer 28

30 or 32

Question 29

what does complex 4 produce

Answer 29

water

Question 30

what would happen if the inner mitochondrial membrane became permeable to protons?

Answer 30

no ATP would be produced & heat would be released and water formed (by complex 4)