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Science > Term2/Half Yearly > Flashcards

Term2/Half Yearly Flashcards

1
Q

How can you consider something to be alive?

A

if it has at least one cell, grows, maintains itself, and reproduces

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2
Q

How can you consider something to not be alive?

A

if they are not made up of cells

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3
Q

who first looked at cells under the microscope?

A

Robert Hooke

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4
Q

who made up this theory: All living things are made up of one or more cells.

A

Schleiden and Schwann

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5
Q

what are the levels of organisation?

A

Cell, tissues, organs, organ systems, multicellular organisms

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6
Q

The chemical equation for respiration is:

A

glucose + oxygen
→
carbon dioxide + water +
energy

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7
Q

what type of molecule is energy stored in?

A

ATP

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8
Q

why would our breathing increase/decrease during cellular respiration

A

because we are exercising/resting

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9
Q

what is photosynthesis as an equation?

A

carbon dioxide + water
chlorophyll (over) light→
glucose + oxygen gas

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10
Q

what does chlorophyll do in photosynthesis?

A

takes in the sunlight and converts it into energy

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11
Q

what is diffusion

A

when gases move from areas of high concentration to low concentration.

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12
Q

How is water taken up by the plant?

A

the roots absorb the water

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13
Q

How do gases pass through the leaf?

A

The underside of the leaf has openings called stomata which allow gases to pass through them. Which is diffusion

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14
Q

how does Carbon dioxide enter into plants?

A

Through the stoma and diffusion

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15
Q

in a leaf what is the concentration like of co2

A

the concentration is low.

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16
Q

what does photosynthesis produce?

A

oxygen and glucose.

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17
Q

where does light enter into the leaf?

A

Through the cuticle, the clear top layer of the leaf.

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18
Q

does temperature affect diffusion+ why

A

yes, because the energy from the heat/cool speeds up/slows down the particles

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19
Q

what is sedimentation and decanting purpose?

A

Both are used to separate solid particles from a liquid,

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20
Q

what is the physical principle used in filtration

A

size-exclusion

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21
Q

what is the physical principle used in sedimentation and decanting

A

gravity

22
Q

what is the physical principle used in centrifuging

A

centrifugal force

23
Q

what is the physical principle used in
evaporation

A

liquids vaporise easily while solids do not

24
Q

what is the physical principle used in crystallization

A

solubility

25
Q

what is the physical principle used in distillation

A

different liquids boil at different temperatures

26
Q

what is the physical principle used in chromatography

A

molecules in a mixture applied onto the surface or into the solid, and the fluid stationary phase (stable phase) separates from each other while moving with the aid of a mobile phase.

27
Q

what is the cell theory?

A
  1. All organisms are composed of one cell or more cells
  2. Cells are the basis of every living structure
  3. New cells are created from existing cells
28
Q

who came up with the cell theory?

A

Hooke and Schleiden and Schwann.

29
Q

can you calculate the magnification of a microscope

A

eyepiece X objective lens.

30
Q

compare animal cells to plant cells

A

Plant cells have a cell wall in addition to a cell membrane, whereas animal cells have only a cell membrane.

31
Q

what is the nucleus’s function

A

Brain
controls and regulates the activities of the cell, carries the genes and structures that contain the hereditary information

32
Q

what is the cytoplasm’s function

A

Liquid Glue

the fluid that fills cells and holds the internal components of cells in place and protects them from damage

33
Q

what is the cell membrane’s function

A

protects a cell and provides a fixed environment inside the cell.

34
Q

what is the cell wall’s function

A

Wall (Only Plant Cell)

provides strength and protection against stress.

35
Q

what is the chloroplast’s function

A

plant cell organelles that convert light energy into energy via the photosynthetic process

36
Q

what is the mitochondria’s function

A

membrane-bound cell organelles that generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell’s biochemical reactions.

37
Q

what are the ribosomes’ function

A

the sites at which information carried in the genetic code is converted into protein molecules

38
Q

what are the vacuoles’ function

A

to take in waste products and get rid of it

39
Q

what is the muscle cell’s functional

A

responsible for practically all movements that are under voluntary control

40
Q

what is the nerve cell’s function?

A

A type of cell that receives and sends messages from the body to the brain and back to the body.

41
Q

what is the sperm cell’s function?

A

to fertilise an egg.

42
Q

what is the egg cell’s function?

A

to connect with the male sperm cell to become fertilised and produce offspring.

43
Q

what is the red blood cell’s function?

A

to carry oxygen from the lungs and deliver it throughout our body.

44
Q

what is the root hair cell’s function?

A

to absorb water from the soil

45
Q

what is the palisade cell’s function?

A

photosynthesis

46
Q

what is the white blood cell’s function?

A

to help the body fight infection and other diseases.

47
Q

define density

A

the amount of matter per unit volume

48
Q

what is the importance of water as a solvent in everyday industries

A

allows chemical reactions to take place because it allows dissolved chemicals to move around

49
Q

what happens to solute particles when they dissolve in a solvent

A

the solute breaks up from a larger group of molecules into much smaller groups or individual molecules

50
Q

what is reliability

A

when an experiment is done minimum 3x, you remove the outliers and look for consistency

51
Q

what is fairness

A

only one independent variable and controlled variables

52
Q

what is accuracy

A

when you have the right tech and equiptment

Science (9 decks)

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